EXPERIMENTAL TEST QUESTIONS Flashcards
- design a study to test the claim that ginko biloba supplements improve memory. What are the steps to designing a study?
- a hypothesis and prediction
- a control(s) stsyem
- independent and dependent variables
- how IV and DV are manipulated
- hold other variables constant
- replications #n
- experiments to be repeated
- awareness that one can never prove a hypothesis
- ethics
- cofounding evidence/bias
- a _____ and _____
hypothesis: ginkgo biloba improves memory in adults.
prediction: individuals taking gingko biloba have a higher memory recall compared to a placebo group
- a ____ system
control system: a placebo control group (individuals will be given a pill with no active ingredients) to compare the effects.
3._____ and _____ variables
indepedent variables: ginko biloba supplement
depedent variables: memory recall/memory performance measured by memory tests (word recall, patern recognition)
- how ___ and ___ are manipulated
the iv is manipulated by assigning one group to take ginko biloba and another group to take a placebo.
the dv is measured by testing participants memory performances before and after study period (8 weeks)
- hold other ____ constant
hold other variables constant: ensure that all participants are following a healthy diet, sleep schedule, and lifestyle that could interrupt memory.
- _______
replicates (#n): include a large sample study (n = 100 or more per group) to ensure statistically accurate results
- ______ to be repeated
experiment to be repeated: conduct this experiment at least twice to ensure proper results
- hypothesis cannot be ___
hypothesis cannot be proven: ensure that knowing this experiment could help suppor tthe study of ginko biloba, it is not an indication that it can for sure prove that it improves memory.
- e____
ethics: ensure that consent is taken from all participants and they are informed after experiment that there was a placebo pill group.
right to withdraw
confidential
safety: will be monitored throughout
- ____
cofounding effects/bias: randomly assign participants to either the experimental or placebo group to avoid bias. control for age and gender
- design a study to prove that creatine supplements improve muscle mass during strength training What are the steps to designing a study?
- a hypothesis and prediction
- a control(s) stsyem
- independent and dependent variables
- how IV and DV are manipulated
- hold other variables constant
- replications #n
- experiments to be repeated
- awareness that one can never prove a hypothesis
- ethics
- cofounding evidence/bias
- a ____ and a ____
hypothesis: creatine mass improves the muscle mass during strength training program
prediction: participants taking creatine supplements will gain more muscle mass than those taking a placebo during the training period.
- a _____
control group: placebo group taking a non-creatine supplement
- ____ and ____ varaibles
indepedent varaibles: healthy dose of creatine supplement (5g) vs placebo
depedent varaibles: increase in muscle mass, water retention, measured by body composition
- how ___ and ___ are manipulated/measured
iv is manipulated by giving one group the creatine supplement and the other the placebo supplement.
the DV is measured by tracking changes in muscle mass every 1-2 weeks.
- hold other ____ constant
holding other varaibles constant: ensure both groups follow a proper diet given (such as protein and caloric consumption), strength training regimen, and sleep schedule which are all factors to maintaining a proper muscle gain.
- replication #n
100 participants, (50 in supplement group and placebo group), randomized to avoid bias and ensure significant results
- experiments to be ____
strength tests can be repeated every 2 weeks
body compision measurements could be repeated
8.Cannot prove —–
hypothesis cannot be proven, although this experiment can be an indication that it may improve muscle mass, but cannot be a complete proven study or implication.
- e____
ethics:
participants will be monitored throughout to ensure safety.
participants may withdrawl at any time due to health or safety reasons
confidentialy is ensured throughout experiment
consent and contracts will be given to participants to inform them about what the experiment will be about and any potential side effects
- cofundoing ____ and ___
cofounding evidence and bias:
randomly assign participants to either creatine group or placebo group to avoid bias.
ensure that all groups are following proper rules (such as sleep, food intake, strength training) to avoid biased results by recording their assigned protein intake
blinding researchers to ensure they are not aware of which participants are taking different supplements
trainers will monitor workouts
