EXPERIMENTAL TEST QUESTIONS

Question 1

1. design a study to test the claim that ginko biloba supplements improve memory. What are the steps to designing a study?

Answer 1

1. a hypothesis and prediction
2. a control(s) stsyem
3. independent and dependent variables
4. how IV and DV are manipulated
5. hold other variables constant
6. replications #n
7. experiments to be repeated
8. awareness that one can never prove a hypothesis
9. ethics
10. cofounding evidence/bias

Question 2

1. a _____ and _____

Answer 2

hypothesis: ginkgo biloba improves memory in adults.
prediction: individuals taking gingko biloba have a higher memory recall compared to a placebo group

Question 3

2. a ____ system

Answer 3

control system: a placebo control group (individuals will be given a pill with no active ingredients) to compare the effects.

Question 4

3._____ and _____ variables

Answer 4

indepedent variables: ginko biloba supplement
depedent variables: memory recall/memory performance measured by memory tests (word recall, patern recognition)

Question 5

4. how ___ and ___ are manipulated

Answer 5

the iv is manipulated by assigning one group to take ginko biloba and another group to take a placebo.
the dv is measured by testing participants memory performances before and after study period (8 weeks)

Question 6

5. hold other ____ constant

Answer 6

hold other variables constant: ensure that all participants are following a healthy diet, sleep schedule, and lifestyle that could interrupt memory.

Question 7

6. _______

Answer 7

replicates (#n): include a large sample study (n = 100 or more per group) to ensure statistically accurate results

Question 8

7. ______ to be repeated

Answer 8

experiment to be repeated: conduct this experiment at least twice to ensure proper results

Question 9

8. hypothesis cannot be ___

Answer 9

hypothesis cannot be proven: ensure that knowing this experiment could help suppor tthe study of ginko biloba, it is not an indication that it can for sure prove that it improves memory.

Question 10

9. e____

Answer 10

ethics: ensure that consent is taken from all participants and they are informed after experiment that there was a placebo pill group.
right to withdraw
confidential
safety: will be monitored throughout

Question 11

10. ____

Answer 11

cofounding effects/bias: randomly assign participants to either the experimental or placebo group to avoid bias. control for age and gender

Question 12

2. design a study to prove that creatine supplements improve muscle mass during strength training What are the steps to designing a study?

Answer 12

1. a hypothesis and prediction
2. a control(s) stsyem
3. independent and dependent variables
4. how IV and DV are manipulated
5. hold other variables constant
6. replications #n
7. experiments to be repeated
8. awareness that one can never prove a hypothesis
9. ethics
10. cofounding evidence/bias

Question 13

1. a ____ and a ____

Answer 13

hypothesis: creatine mass improves the muscle mass during strength training program
prediction: participants taking creatine supplements will gain more muscle mass than those taking a placebo during the training period.

Question 14

2. a _____

Answer 14

control group: placebo group taking a non-creatine supplement

Question 15

3. ____ and ____ varaibles

Answer 15

indepedent varaibles: healthy dose of creatine supplement (5g) vs placebo
depedent varaibles: increase in muscle mass, water retention, measured by body composition

Question 16

4. how ___ and ___ are manipulated/measured

Answer 16

iv is manipulated by giving one group the creatine supplement and the other the placebo supplement.
the DV is measured by tracking changes in muscle mass every 1-2 weeks.

Question 17

5. hold other ____ constant

Answer 17

holding other varaibles constant: ensure both groups follow a proper diet given (such as protein and caloric consumption), strength training regimen, and sleep schedule which are all factors to maintaining a proper muscle gain.

Question 18

6. replication #n

Answer 18

100 participants, (50 in supplement group and placebo group), randomized to avoid bias and ensure significant results

Question 19

7. experiments to be ____

Answer 19

strength tests can be repeated every 2 weeks
body compision measurements could be repeated

Question 20

8.Cannot prove —–

Answer 20

hypothesis cannot be proven, although this experiment can be an indication that it may improve muscle mass, but cannot be a complete proven study or implication.

Question 21

9. e____

Answer 21

ethics:
participants will be monitored throughout to ensure safety.
participants may withdrawl at any time due to health or safety reasons
confidentialy is ensured throughout experiment
consent and contracts will be given to participants to inform them about what the experiment will be about and any potential side effects

Question 22

10. cofundoing ____ and ___

Answer 22

cofounding evidence and bias:
randomly assign participants to either creatine group or placebo group to avoid bias.
ensure that all groups are following proper rules (such as sleep, food intake, strength training) to avoid biased results by recording their assigned protein intake
blinding researchers to ensure they are not aware of which participants are taking different supplements
trainers will monitor workouts