Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Research methods A > Experimental methods > Flashcards

Experimental methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is an experiment?

A

-Manipulation of one or more variables (e.g coffee intake) and determine the effect of this manipulation on another variable
-To test cause-effect relationships between variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two type of hypothesis?

A

Alternative
Null

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between alternative and null hypothesis

A

Alternative = Treatment leads to an effect
Null = -treatment does not lead to an effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the relationship between the two types of variables

A

-Manipulating the independent variable changes the outcome of the dependant variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do you do when you have more than one independent variable ?

A

Include them in one experiment = this is better than several experiments testing IV’s independently as its:
- more efficient
- better control of nuisance variables
- results often more representative of behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you do when you have more than one dependant variable

A

Measuring more than one DV is usually more informative as it give more insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a nuisance variable?

A

An additional factor that affects the dependent variable Nuisance but all levels of the IV are affected equally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does a nuisance variable turn into?

A

A confounding variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you deal with a nuisance variable

A
  • Turn it into a control variable (held constant)
  • If it is such a nuisance it can be turned into an IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an experimental group?

A

Group receiving the important level of the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a control group?

A

Group that serves as the untreated comparison group

-Serves as a comparison level of the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name two advantages of experiments

A

-Relative strong test casualty (e.g what leads to what)

-Possibility of a variety of manipulative control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 4 disadvantages of experiments

A
  • Unnatural setting and tasks
  • Reactivity
  • Some phenomena cannot be studied under controlled conditions
  • Ethical limitations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a between subjects design?

A

Participants take part in separate conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two subject designs?

A

Within
Between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a within subjects design?

A

All participants receive all levels of the independent variable

17
Q

Give two advantages of using a within subjects design

A
  • Fewer participants required
  • Reduces individual differences (less confounding variables)
18
Q

Give two disadvantages of using a within subjects design

A

-Carryover effects

-Order effects

19
Q

What are Quasi experiments?

A
  • When one or more independent variables are selected but not manipulated
  • Looking at information that is there already
20
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of Quasi experiments

A

A = Examination of variables that would be unethical to manipulate (e.g. effects of growing up in a poor area)

D = No strong conclusions about cause and effect possible

21
Q

What are the 3 sampling types?

A

Random sample
Stratified sample
Quota sample

22
Q

What is random sampling?

A

everyone has an equal chance of being selected
-Can be practically difficult

23
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Random selection of each subgroup of the population

24
Q

What is Quota sampling?

A

Representative sample that meets quota/ targets

-sample involving individuals that represent a particular population.

25
Q

Describe Electroencephalography (EEG):

A
  • Electrodes placed on the scalp
  • Detect and measure patterns of electrical activity in the brain
26
Q

Give two advantages of EEG

A
  • Excellent temporal resolution
  • Relatively inexpensive
27
Q

Give two disadvantages of EEG

A
  • Poor spatial resolution
  • Surface activity
28
Q

What is FMRI?

A
  • 2D and 3D views of the brain
  • Measures amount of blood oxygen - activity
29
Q

Give two advantages of FMRI

A
  • Excellent spatial resolution (2-3mm)
  • Accesses all areas of the brain
30
Q

Give two disadvantages of FMRI

A
  • Poor temporal resolution
  • Expensive
31
Q

What are ethics?

A

moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conduct of an activity.

32
Q

What are the origins of ethics?

A

Ethical rules are widely accepted values about everyday interpersonal relations

Interspersal values (to) ethical guidelines

33
Q

What are typical arguments for animal research?

A
  • They answer questions that would be impossible or impractical using human beings
  • Benefits animals (e.g. anaesthetic measures)
    -Pain is always weighed against potential benefits
34
Q

What are typical arguments against animal research?

A
  • Animals feel pain
  • Destroying or harming any living thing is dehumanising

Research methods A (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions