Experimental method & design+ research issues Flashcards
1
Q
What is an aim?
A
- A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate
- purpose of the study
2
Q
What is a hypothesis?
A
- A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between the variables being investigated
- stated at the start of study
3
Q
What is a directional hypothesis? (one-tailed)
give an example
A
- States the direction of the difference or relationship
- people who drink water are less talkative than those who drink energy drinks
4
Q
What is a non-directional hypothesis? (two-tailed)
give an example
A
- states that there is a difference but does not state the direction of the difference
- people who drink energy drinks differ in talkativeness compared with people who don’t
5
Q
What is operationalisations?
A
- clearly defining key variables in terms of how they can be measure
6
Q
What are extraneous variables? examples
A
Any variable other than the IV that may have an effect on the dv if it is not controlled
e.g. age, personality
7
Q
What are confounding variables?
A
- A kind of EV that varies systematically with the IV
-Hard to tell whether the change in DV is due to the IV or the confounding variable
8
Q
What are demand characteristics?
A
- Any cue from the researcher or from the research situation that may be interpreted by participants as revealing aims of an investigation
- p’s change behaviour within research situation
9
Q
What are investigator effects?
A
- Any effect of the investigators behaviour (conscious or unconscious) on the DV
- includes interactions, design of study
-e.g. leading questions, instructions , demeanour
10
Q
What is randomisation?
A
- The use of chance methods to control for the effects of bias by researcher when designing an investigation
11
Q
What is standardisation?
A
- When the same formalised procedures and instructions are used for all participants
