Experimental Evidence Flashcards
Alam and Smirk
1938
PECO sustained the BP response to exercise until cessation of occlusion
Roswell
1986
HR response was not maintained by PECO
McCloskey and Mitchell
1972
Group III / Group IV afferents. Used rats treated during neonatal period with capsaicin to destroy group IV and then gadolinium to block group III.
Metabosensitive = group IV Mechanosensitive = group III
Coote
1971
Electrical stimulation of hind limb vental roots led to a graded response which was slower than during voluntary exercise.
Response was absolished by cutting dorsal roots
Coote and Gladwell
2002
Passive stretch of hind limb -> HR response, suggesting mechanoreceptors mediate the HR response to exercise
Krogh and Linard
1913
Immediate increase in HR and Ve which they suggested was too fast for a reflex or blood borne mechanism.
HR increase is slower in electrically stimulated exercise than during voluntary exercise
McCloskey
1981
NMJ blockade. BP response mirrored % MVC not absolute force, therefore mirroring RPE
Goodwin
1972
Vibration agonist or antagonist muscle, activating stretch reflex which reduces or increase perceived effort needed to maintain same absolute force. Stretch reflex inhibits/assists CC, not actual force generation.
HR and BP responses were either reduced or increased respectively - in proportion to effort and presumably CC
Lind, Taylor
1964
As time goes on EMG activity, RPE and BP and HR responses progressively increase. Similar reasoning to NMJ blockade evidence. Absolute force is the same
Williamson
2002
Hypnosis of easily hypnotisable subjects elicited HR, BP and RPE responses. Not seen in non-hypnotisable subjects.
McCubbin
1956
CSN multifibre recordings at different CSP. Control vs perinephritic hypertensive dogs
Hypertensive firing less than control
Silent at 60mmHg, normal still firing.
Baro-R reset to higher pressure, maintain rather than inhibit chronic hypertension
Cowley
1973
SAD dogs. = stripped adventitia around CS and AA. Treated with 5% phenol and isopropyl alcohol. Cut L cervicovagus trunk and R medial bundle of vagus.
Quiet root. Monitored BP. Showed more diurnal variation.
BP rose, then fell, 1/52 after operation stabilished at 10mmHg above control. Concluded no change when peripheral baro-R lost, therefore no role in long term control BP.
But, ? evidence presented. Used a “typical” dog, but there were some displaying great variation. 10mmHg is also a decent elevation BP, ? significance. ? housing conditions, quiet room with no stimulus.
Persson
1989
Denervation cardiopulmonary-R + SAD -> sustained hypertension. They concluded that SAD did not cause any long term chance in mean BP, although there was more variation, and suggested the cardipulmonary-R were able to compensate. Denervation cardiopulmonary-R + SAD –> increase in mean BP.
Animal model evidence long term control BP?
Baboons display a 10mmHg rise in mean BP
Rats show no change mean BP unless they are on a salt challenged diet
Thrasher
2004
Chronic baroreceptor unloading. AA and 1 CS denervated, the other unloaded via carotid ligation. MAP remained above control levels suggesting baroreflex can influence long term control.
