Experimental designs Flashcards

1
Q

What are experimental designs?

A

The different ways in which the testing of participants can be organised in relation to the experimental conditions.

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2
Q

What is an independent group design?

A

Participants are allocated to different groups where each group represents one experimental design.

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3
Q

What is a repeated measures design?

A

All participants take part in all conditions of the experiment.

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4
Q

What is a matched pairs design?

A

Pairs of participants are first matched on some variable that may affect the DV. Then member of the pair is assigned to condition A and the other to condition B.

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5
Q

What is random allocation?

A

An attempt to control for participants variables in an independent groups design which ensures that each participant has the same chance as being in one condition as any other.

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6
Q

What is counterbalancing?

A

An attempt to control for the effects of order in a repeated measures, half the participants experience the conditions in one order, and the other half in the opposite order.

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7
Q

What are the strengths of an independent groups design?

A

Independent groups are useful for making comparisons between two conditions

Participants only experience one condition which means there is a lower risk of demand characteristics and no order effects are experienced

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8
Q

What are the weaknesses of an independent groups design?

A

Participant variables may occur which affect the validity of the research as the link between the IV and the DV could be less clear.

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9
Q

What are the strengths of a repeated measures design?

A

Participant variables aren’t a problem as the same participants are used for both conditions, therefore the link between the IV and the DV could be more certain.

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10
Q

What are the weaknesses of a repeated measures design?

A

Order effect are caused - this is when ppts behave differently in the second condition because:
They are suffering from boredom/fatigue due to repetition.
They are more familiar with the task (practise effects)

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11
Q

What are the strengths of a matched pairs design?

A

Participants only take part in a single condition so order effects and demand characteristics are less of a problem.

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12
Q

What are the weaknesses of a matched pairs design?

A

Although there is some attempt to reduce participant variables in a matched pairs design, participants can never be matched exactly

Matching may be time-consuming and expensive, particularly if a pre-test is required, so this is less economical compared to the other designs

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