Experimental Design

Question 1

We graph data b/c this allows people who are interested to see __ (meaning is it worse or better?) in the dependent variable;
Relation b/w IV and DV, relevant comparisons

Answer 1

Variability

Question 2

Y is __ and X is __

Answer 2

Behavior; time

Question 3

Graph with behavior across time

Answer 3

Time-series graph

Question 4

In a time-series graph, look for __ labels and __ labels/ lines, baseline, and ___. Also, look for data points

Answer 4

Axis and phase; reinforcement

Question 5

In time-series graphs, x and y are ___

Answer 5

Axis labels

Question 6

Time-series graphs:
Shows change in characteristic

Answer 6

Phase lines/labels

Question 7

Time-series graphs:
Before line

EX. How many questions you completed

Answer 7

Baseline

Question 8

Time-series graphs:
After

EX. How many questions you got correct

Answer 8

Reinforcement

Question 9

Data says that regardless of how well we measure/ graph, neither tells us what we need to know such as __ and __. This is why we need experimental design and logic

Answer 9

IVs; DVs

Question 10

We approach __ as we become more able to predict and influence

Answer 10

Understanding

Question 11

We graph data by manipulating __ and observing/ describing effect on __

Answer 11

IVs; DVs

Question 12

Goal of this is to evaluate the effect of environmental manipulations on behavior

Answer 12

Foundational fallacy

Question 13

If A then B;
B is observed, then concluded that A must be responsible for B

EX. If I study for exam, then I will get a good grade. I get a good grade and I conclude that I got a good grade b/c I studied

Answer 13

Foundational fallacy

Question 14

Solution to foundational fallacy:
IV exerts same effect on DV; repetition

EX. Studying certain way leads to higher grades

Answer 14

Repeatedly show “if A then B”

Question 15

The more times A then B is observed, the more ___ we have that A is responsible for B

Answer 15

Confidence

Question 16

Implement IV once with several individuals;
Compare to another group with whom IV was implemented

Answer 16

Group experimental design

Question 17

Implement IV repeatedly with same individual

Answer 17

Single case (single subject) design

Question 18

Components of single case experimental design (SCED) focuses on ___ measures across time

Answer 18

Repeated

Question 19

Establish baseline prior to introduction of IV;
Provides point of comparison for behavior following IV

Answer 19

Baseline logic

Question 20

A good baseline is what?
This should allow confidence about where behavior is going and the way it looked prior to IV

Answer 20

Consistent, stable, large, representable # of behavior, and clear prediction

Question 21

Repeated measure in presence or absence of IV;
Graph and visually analyze data;
Can catch things obscured in analysis and can inform analysis

Answer 21

Visual analysis

Question 22

5 core characteristics of visual analysis :

Answer 22

1. # of data points
2. Variability
3. Level/mean shift
4. Trend
5. Immediacy of change

Question 23

The less variables the easier it is to detect the effect

Answer 23

Variability

Question 24

The larger the shift, the clearer the effect

Answer 24

Level/ mean shift

Question 25

The more immediate the change, the clearer the effect

Answer 25

Immediacy of change