Experimental Design Flashcards
We graph data b/c this allows people who are interested to see __ (meaning is it worse or better?) in the dependent variable;
Relation b/w IV and DV, relevant comparisons
Variability
Y is __ and X is __
Behavior; time
Graph with behavior across time
Time-series graph
In a time-series graph, look for __ labels and __ labels/ lines, baseline, and ___. Also, look for data points
Axis and phase; reinforcement
In time-series graphs, x and y are ___
Axis labels
Time-series graphs:
Shows change in characteristic
Phase lines/labels
Time-series graphs:
Before line
EX. How many questions you completed
Baseline
Time-series graphs:
After
EX. How many questions you got correct
Reinforcement
Data says that regardless of how well we measure/ graph, neither tells us what we need to know such as __ and __. This is why we need experimental design and logic
IVs; DVs
We approach __ as we become more able to predict and influence
Understanding
We graph data by manipulating __ and observing/ describing effect on __
IVs; DVs
Goal of this is to evaluate the effect of environmental manipulations on behavior
Foundational fallacy
If A then B;
B is observed, then concluded that A must be responsible for B
EX. If I study for exam, then I will get a good grade. I get a good grade and I conclude that I got a good grade b/c I studied
Foundational fallacy
Solution to foundational fallacy:
IV exerts same effect on DV; repetition
EX. Studying certain way leads to higher grades
Repeatedly show “if A then B”
The more times A then B is observed, the more ___ we have that A is responsible for B
Confidence
Implement IV once with several individuals;
Compare to another group with whom IV was implemented
Group experimental design
Implement IV repeatedly with same individual
Single case (single subject) design
Components of single case experimental design (SCED) focuses on ___ measures across time
Repeated
Establish baseline prior to introduction of IV;
Provides point of comparison for behavior following IV
Baseline logic
A good baseline is what?
This should allow confidence about where behavior is going and the way it looked prior to IV
Consistent, stable, large, representable # of behavior, and clear prediction
Repeated measure in presence or absence of IV;
Graph and visually analyze data;
Can catch things obscured in analysis and can inform analysis
Visual analysis
5 core characteristics of visual analysis :
- # of data points
- Variability
- Level/mean shift
- Trend
- Immediacy of change
The less variables the easier it is to detect the effect
Variability
The larger the shift, the clearer the effect
Level/ mean shift
The more immediate the change, the clearer the effect
Immediacy of change
