Experiment5 Flashcards
Water hardness is related to
concentration of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water supply
how is the calcium and magnesium solublilizes
when carbonated rain water runs through bed rocks containing limestone
what happens to the rxn upon boiling
the rxn shifts left and calcium carbonate (insoluble solid) is deposited inside the boilers forming scales. These can cause serious mechanical problems
Atemporary hardness
hardness that occurs when rxn shifts left and produces calcium carbonate
Apermanent hardness
Acidities arising from other effects, such as acid rains arising from industrial and automobile emissions, which is made up of sulfuric and nitric acids, simply solubilize calcium and magnesium from the rocks which will not redeposit by boiling.
What happens when hard water reacts with soap
- forms a slimy precipitate of calcium stearate, which is a salt of fatty acids, render the soap to lose its foaming action.
- This is the origin of bath tub rings and it causes serious problems with laundries.
the way we use now
explain
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
allows for fast (less than one minute) sensitive and independent determination of the calcium and magnesium contents
Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis
based on correlation of the absorbance of the analyte atoms at their specific wavelengths in the flame and the concentration of the analyte element in the sample solutions
define variables in the anticipated transfer function
A is the absorbance of the flame; k is the efficiency of absorption by the analyte atoms at a given wavelength; F(flame) is the geometric configuration of the flame; α is the degree of dissociation of binary compounds of the analyte element; γ is the degree of ionization of the analyte atoms; n0/nT is the fraction of atoms in the ground state; fs are the efficiency factors of ASPiration, NEBulization, DESOLVation, VAPorization; and C is the analyte concentration in the sample.
