Experiment 2 - biochemical changes on postharvest in fruits and vegetables Flashcards

1
Q

major componsent in most fruits and vegetables

A

water

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2
Q

major factor affecting quality of fruits and vegetables

A

water loss or transpiration

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3
Q

Effects of water loss to fruits and vegetables

A

wilting
shriveling
flacidness
soft texture
loss of nutritional value

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4
Q

predominant energy sources for cells

A

carbohydrates

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5
Q

carbohydrates representes what when an edible plant tissue is removed from the parent plant

A

carbohydrates represent tbe reserves necessary to maintain cellular function

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6
Q

primary cell wall

A

a thin, flexible, and extensible layer formed while the cell is growing

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7
Q

secondary cell wall

A

forms as a thick layer inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown

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8
Q

middle lamella

A

forms at the interface between adjacent plant cells; promotes cell-to-cell adhesion

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9
Q

cellulose

A

linear polymer of beta-1,4-linked beta glucose residues deposited in the wall to form microfibrils

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10
Q

hemicellulose

A

branched and are mainly composed of several neutral sugars like xylose

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11
Q

pectins

A

linear or branched polymers that are rich in galacturonic acid and dispersed throughout the primary cell wall

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12
Q

Happens due to the loosening of the hemicellulose-cellulose network, solubilization and depolymerization of pectin and loss of pectic side chains

A

cell-wall swelling

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13
Q

formula for percent calcium pectate

A

%CP = (g of precipitate/g of sample in aliqout)*100%

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14
Q

what are the three types of carbohydrates

A

structural
soluble
storage

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15
Q

carbohydrates used in metabolic processes such as glycolysis and secondary metabolic pathways

A

soluble carbohydrates

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16
Q

examples of soluble carbohydrates

A

glucose
fructose
sucrose

17
Q

an insoluble homoglucan composed of two polymers of glucose, amylopectin and amylose

A

starch

18
Q

amylopectin

A

branched molecule linked by alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds with occasional alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds

19
Q

amylose

A

linear polysaccharide joined by the alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages

20
Q

most common organic acids in edible plant

A

mono-, di-, and tri-carboxylic acids

21
Q

typically associated with less mature fruits

A

organic acid accumulation

22
Q

responsible for the aroma of many fruits

A

esters

23
Q

plant secondary metabolites that affect the appearance (color), taste, and flavor of edible plant tissues

A

phenolic compounds

24
Q

enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds occurs by the action of

A

polyphenol oxidase (ppo)

25
Q

regulate metabolism via their enzymatic functions

A

proteins and amimo acid

26
Q

play a major role in the storage of nitrogen for growth in plants

A

free amino acids and their water-soluble derivatives

27
Q

4 general types of lipids in plants

A

triacyglycerides
phospholipids
waxes
isoprene-derived lipids

28
Q

these occurs if antioxidative defense systems are compramised

A

lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration

29
Q

plant volatole organic compounds

A

are secondary metabolites that play an important role in biotic interactions and abiotic stress responses

30
Q

plant hormones

A

chemical compounds that potentiate a signaling network and regulate the metabolic systems

31
Q

examples of plant growth regulators

A

ethylene
auxins
gibberellins
abscisic acid
cytokinins

32
Q

ethylene is produced from

A

methionine

33
Q

phenotypic changes in response fk ethylene are determined by

A
  1. perception of hormone
  2. transduction of signal through gene expression regulators
  3. expression of gene and synthesis of proteins sensitive to the received ethylene signal
34
Q

compositioms of fruits

A

water
carbohydrates
organic acids
phenolics
proteins and amino acids
lipids
pigments
volatile organic compounds
hormones