Experiment #12: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS Flashcards
Acrolein test
Test for the presence of glycerol in a molecule
A strong acid and a strong dehydrating reagent
Potassium bisulfate
When potassium bisulfate is heated with fat
Hydrolysis occurs
The glycerol produced is dehydrated to form
Acrolein
General formula of Acrolein
CH2=CHCHO
The reaction between ______ and _________ results in _________
Glycerol, potassium hydrogen sulfate (potassium bisulfate), acrolein formation
The acrolein formation is characterized physically by the release of
Pungent smell
Has alcohol functional group
Glycerol
Also called glycerine
Glycerol
Characteristics of glycerol
Colorless, odorless, viscous liquid, sweet tasting, non-toxic
Glycerol backbone found in lipids
Glycerides
Glycerol( positive control)
Positive with glycerol
Coconut oil
Positive with glycerol
Canola oil
Positive with glycerol
Butter
Positive with glycerol
Lard
Positive with glycerol
Test to determine the unsaturation of the oil (with atleast one double bond)
Bromine test
2 types of lipids
Saturated & Unsaturated
Saturated
Solid at room temperature
Liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated
Higher is the degree of unsaturation
Unsaturated
Lower is the temperature to liquefy it
Unsaturated
______ can react with_____ like_____ or _____ due to the presence of
Unsaturated fatty acid, halogens, bromine, iodine, double bonds
Bromine goes into the solution forming a______
Dibromide
If there is presence of double bonds, the bromine solution will______
Decolorize
Absence of double bonds, it imparts its______
Own colors
If your sample contains ______, it will ______ with _____ and the ____color of bromine will _______
no double bonds, not react, bromine, yellow, not disappear
Even if only ____ drop of bromine is added. If the sample contains _____ bonds, it will react with the added bromine and the ______ color will_____
One, double, yellow, disappear
The _____ double bonds present in the sample , the more____ will be needed to react with the sample
more, bromine
The ____ color of bromine remains in the solution when all the double bonds have_____
yellow, reacted
Oleic acid
2 drops of iodine, unsaturated
3 drops of iodine, saturated
Coconut oil
Canola oil
2 drops of iodine, unsaturated
18 drops of iodine, saturated
Butter
20 drops of iodine, saturated
Lard
Has one double bonds
Oleic acid
One double bonds
Canola oil
Unsaturated fats are____ than saturated fats
Healthier
Benefits of unsaturated fats
Improve blood cholesterol levels, ease inflammation, stabilize heart rhythms
Saturated fats can cause ______, which increases the risk of_______ and _____
Bad LDL cholesterol, heart disease, stroke
Saturated fats are _____ and can cause fatty deposits in blood vessels
Solid
Fatty Acids
Long chain of carboxylic acids (unbranched)
General formula of lauric acid
CH3 (CH2)10COOH
Major component of coconut oil
Lauric acid
Lauric acid is ____ fatty acid
Saturated
Formic acid
The simplest carboxylic acid
Secreted by ants and bees
Formic acid
All carboxylic acid have_____
COOH
Carboxylic acid that can be found at home
Vinegar
Organic acid
CH3 COOH
a chemical reaction that occurs when a vegetable oil or animal fat (triglycerides, ester) mixed with a strong alkali (NaOH, KOH)
Saponification
The products of the reaction of saponification
Soap(fatty acid and salt) and glycerol (free alcohol)
The soap produced can be_____ by adding ______ solution, if necessary
Precipitated, concentrated sodium chloride
gives “hard soap”
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
gives “soft” soap or liquid soap because of its greater solubility
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Soaps are______,_______,_____ and even can lower the surface__________
Cleansing agents, surfactants, emulsifiers, tension of water
Mineral salts of fatty acids
Soap
The soap is _____ in water but _____ in ether
Soluble, Insoluble
Soap works on ________ of oils and fats in the water as it works to reduce the _______ of the solution
Emulsification, attraction surface
