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EXW2 > Expeditionary First Aid Fundamentals > Flashcards

Expeditionary First Aid Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for asphyxiation?

A
  • Heimlich

- Epinephrin injection

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2
Q

What is the treatment for hemorrhaging?

A
  • Direct pressure
  • Pressure dressing
  • Tourniquet
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3
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?

A
  • Position patient comfortably
  • Apply a high concentration of oxygen
  • Assist in providing nitro glycerin
  • Provide CPR and AED if necessary
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4
Q

What are the two types of fractures?

A
  • Simple/closed

- Compound/open (through the skin)

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5
Q

How do you treat a fracture?

A
  • Immobilize the fracture?
  • Treat for shock
  • Do not attempt to re-set (unless no other treatment available)
  • For open wounds stop the bleeding first
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6
Q

What are the 3 types of burns?

A
  • Chemical 1st degree, minimal pain, redness of skin
  • Electrical 2nd degree, moderate pain, light skin damage
  • Thermal 3rd degree, severe pain, deep tissue/nerves burned
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7
Q

What is the hypovolemic shock?

A
  • Shock as a result of fluid overload in the blood.
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8
Q

What is the treatment for hypovolemic shock?

A
  • Control any bleeding
  • Use tourniquet if necessary
  • Maintain airway
  • Administer O2
  • Keep patient warm
  • Monitor vital
  • CASEVAC
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9
Q

What are the 3 types of bleeding?

A
  • Arterial (Bright red)
  • Venous (Dark red, spurts)
  • Capillary (dark brick red oozes)
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10
Q

What are the symptoms of shock?

A
  • Clammy skin
  • Weak/rapid pulse
  • Paleness
  • Confusion
  • Heavy breathing
  • Bluish skin
  • Nausea
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11
Q

What is the rule of 9’s?

A
  • Each portion of the body area divisible by 9
  • Head 4.5%x 2 (front and back)
  • Arm 4.5% each
  • Leg 9% each
  • Torso 9%x 2 (front and back)
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12
Q

What is the treatment for thermal burns?

A
  • First aid kept to a minimum
  • Treat for shock
  • Cover with clean dry dressing
  • Do not remove clothing from affected areas
  • Remove constricting jewelry
  • Intravenous therapy
  • Cover with clean sheets
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13
Q

What is the treatment for electrical burns?

A
  • ensure there is no more current flowing
  • Monitor vital signs
  • Treat for shock
  • MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
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14
Q

What is the treatment for shock?

A
  • Lay person on back if possible
  • Elevate the feet (12”)
  • Begin CPR if necessary
  • Monitor vitals
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15
Q

What is the treatment for a chest wound?

A
  • Seal penetrating wound and check for exit wound
  • Supplement with Oxygen
  • Have patient sit if possible
  • Lay patient on affected side
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16
Q

What is the treatment for an abdominal wound?

A
  • Position the casualty on back face up
  • Ensure airway is clear
  • Turn head for vomiting
  • IV if possible
  • Stabilize intestines
  • No food or drink
  • Prepare for MEDEVAC
17
Q

What is the treatment for head wounds?

A
  • Check vitals (Alertness, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive)
  • Stabilize the head
  • Treat for shock
  • Apply cervical collar
  • Raise head 6” to assist blood flow out of brain
18
Q

What is the treatment for an eye injury?

A
  • Apply sterile dressing
  • Support the object
  • Cover uninjured eye
  • Seek further medical attention
19
Q

What is the treatment for a facial wound?

A
  • Clear the airway
  • Control the bleeding
  • Protect the wound
  • Treat for shock
20
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

General cooling of the body due to prolonged exposure to cold weather.

21
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothermia?

A

Several stages of

  • Shivering
  • Listlessness
  • Indifference
  • Drowsiness
22
Q

What is the treatment for hypothermia?

A
  • Check vitals/ prepare for CPR if necessary
  • Re-warm casualty as soon as possible
  • Treat other injuries
  • Replace wet clothing
  • Immersion in tub of warm water 100 degrees if possible
23
Q

What is frostbite?

A
  • Ice crystals form on the skin
  • Common on face and extremities
  • Can receive it and not know
24
Q

What are the 6 methods of transporting a victim?

A
  • Stokes stretcher (Navy standard litter, wire basket with iron poles
  • Blanket drag
  • Fireman’s carry
  • Are carry
  • Pack strap carry
  • Other stretchers
25
Q

What is heat stroke?

A
  • Extremely high body temperatures
  • Breakdown of the body temperatures
  • Unable to eliminate excessive body heat
26
Q

What are the symptoms of heat stroke?

A
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness
  • Dry hot skin
  • Constricted pupils
  • Fast strong pulse
  • Breathing deep and rapid, then shallow
27
Q

What is the treatment for heat stroke?

A
  • Remember it is life and death emergency
  • Loosen clothing and wet down
  • Do not allow patient to chill
  • Expose casualty to fan
  • Check vitals
  • Prepare for CASEVAC
28
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A
  • Most common condition when working in hot environments.

- Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of heat stroke?

A
  • Possible fainting
  • Ashen fray skin, cool, moist and clammy
  • Pupils dilated
30
Q

What are heat cramps?

A

Cramps in the abdomen, arms and legs due to excessive sweating.

31
Q

What are the parts of a 9 line MEDEVAC request?

A
  • Location
  • Frequency
  • Patients by precedent
  • Special equipment
  • Number of patient’s by type
  • Security of pickup site
  • Method of marking site
  • Nationality of patients
  • NBC Contamination
32
Q

Who is the triage Officer?

A

Dental Officer

33
Q

What are the four categories of triage?

A
  • Immediate (needs lifesaving surgery, high chance of living)
  • Delayed (need surgery but can be delayed)
  • Minimal (minor injuries and care for themselves)
  • Expectant (Going to die, make comfortable)
34
Q

What are the steps in providing care under fire?

A
  • Return fire/take cover
  • Direct casualty to remain engaged
  • Attempt to prevent further injury
  • Stop the bleeding
  • Use tourniquet if necessary
35
Q

What are the steps in tactical field care?

A
  • Disarm casualty if in mental state
  • Airway, Breathing, Circulation
  • Control sources of bleeding
  • Asses and treat for shock
  • Provide analgesia/antibiotics
36
Q

What is a Tactical Evacuation?

A
  • Combines both CASEVAC and MEDEVAC
37
Q

What gauze is used in the field to aid the stopping of bleeding?

A

Quickclot combat gauze

38
Q

What does MIST stand for?

A
  • Mechanism of injury
  • Injuries sustained
  • Symptoms and vital signs
  • Treatment given
39
Q

What is MIST used for?

A

To assist in preventing MEDEVAC delays, triage form

EXW2 (6 decks)

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