Expeditionary First Aid Fundamentals Flashcards
What is the treatment for asphyxiation?
- Heimlich
- Epinephrin injection
What is the treatment for hemorrhaging?
- Direct pressure
- Pressure dressing
- Tourniquet
What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?
- Position patient comfortably
- Apply a high concentration of oxygen
- Assist in providing nitro glycerin
- Provide CPR and AED if necessary
What are the two types of fractures?
- Simple/closed
- Compound/open (through the skin)
How do you treat a fracture?
- Immobilize the fracture?
- Treat for shock
- Do not attempt to re-set (unless no other treatment available)
- For open wounds stop the bleeding first
What are the 3 types of burns?
- Chemical 1st degree, minimal pain, redness of skin
- Electrical 2nd degree, moderate pain, light skin damage
- Thermal 3rd degree, severe pain, deep tissue/nerves burned
What is the hypovolemic shock?
- Shock as a result of fluid overload in the blood.
What is the treatment for hypovolemic shock?
- Control any bleeding
- Use tourniquet if necessary
- Maintain airway
- Administer O2
- Keep patient warm
- Monitor vital
- CASEVAC
What are the 3 types of bleeding?
- Arterial (Bright red)
- Venous (Dark red, spurts)
- Capillary (dark brick red oozes)
What are the symptoms of shock?
- Clammy skin
- Weak/rapid pulse
- Paleness
- Confusion
- Heavy breathing
- Bluish skin
- Nausea
What is the rule of 9’s?
- Each portion of the body area divisible by 9
- Head 4.5%x 2 (front and back)
- Arm 4.5% each
- Leg 9% each
- Torso 9%x 2 (front and back)
What is the treatment for thermal burns?
- First aid kept to a minimum
- Treat for shock
- Cover with clean dry dressing
- Do not remove clothing from affected areas
- Remove constricting jewelry
- Intravenous therapy
- Cover with clean sheets
What is the treatment for electrical burns?
- ensure there is no more current flowing
- Monitor vital signs
- Treat for shock
- MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
What is the treatment for shock?
- Lay person on back if possible
- Elevate the feet (12”)
- Begin CPR if necessary
- Monitor vitals
What is the treatment for a chest wound?
- Seal penetrating wound and check for exit wound
- Supplement with Oxygen
- Have patient sit if possible
- Lay patient on affected side
What is the treatment for an abdominal wound?
- Position the casualty on back face up
- Ensure airway is clear
- Turn head for vomiting
- IV if possible
- Stabilize intestines
- No food or drink
- Prepare for MEDEVAC
What is the treatment for head wounds?
- Check vitals (Alertness, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive)
- Stabilize the head
- Treat for shock
- Apply cervical collar
- Raise head 6” to assist blood flow out of brain
What is the treatment for an eye injury?
- Apply sterile dressing
- Support the object
- Cover uninjured eye
- Seek further medical attention
What is the treatment for a facial wound?
- Clear the airway
- Control the bleeding
- Protect the wound
- Treat for shock
What is hypothermia?
General cooling of the body due to prolonged exposure to cold weather.
What are the symptoms of hypothermia?
Several stages of
- Shivering
- Listlessness
- Indifference
- Drowsiness
What is the treatment for hypothermia?
- Check vitals/ prepare for CPR if necessary
- Re-warm casualty as soon as possible
- Treat other injuries
- Replace wet clothing
- Immersion in tub of warm water 100 degrees if possible
What is frostbite?
- Ice crystals form on the skin
- Common on face and extremities
- Can receive it and not know
What are the 6 methods of transporting a victim?
- Stokes stretcher (Navy standard litter, wire basket with iron poles
- Blanket drag
- Fireman’s carry
- Are carry
- Pack strap carry
- Other stretchers
What is heat stroke?
- Extremely high body temperatures
- Breakdown of the body temperatures
- Unable to eliminate excessive body heat
What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Dry hot skin
- Constricted pupils
- Fast strong pulse
- Breathing deep and rapid, then shallow
What is the treatment for heat stroke?
- Remember it is life and death emergency
- Loosen clothing and wet down
- Do not allow patient to chill
- Expose casualty to fan
- Check vitals
- Prepare for CASEVAC
What is heat exhaustion?
- Most common condition when working in hot environments.
- Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain.
What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
- Possible fainting
- Ashen fray skin, cool, moist and clammy
- Pupils dilated
What are heat cramps?
Cramps in the abdomen, arms and legs due to excessive sweating.
What are the parts of a 9 line MEDEVAC request?
- Location
- Frequency
- Patients by precedent
- Special equipment
- Number of patient’s by type
- Security of pickup site
- Method of marking site
- Nationality of patients
- NBC Contamination
Who is the triage Officer?
Dental Officer
What are the four categories of triage?
- Immediate (needs lifesaving surgery, high chance of living)
- Delayed (need surgery but can be delayed)
- Minimal (minor injuries and care for themselves)
- Expectant (Going to die, make comfortable)
What are the steps in providing care under fire?
- Return fire/take cover
- Direct casualty to remain engaged
- Attempt to prevent further injury
- Stop the bleeding
- Use tourniquet if necessary
What are the steps in tactical field care?
- Disarm casualty if in mental state
- Airway, Breathing, Circulation
- Control sources of bleeding
- Asses and treat for shock
- Provide analgesia/antibiotics
What is a Tactical Evacuation?
- Combines both CASEVAC and MEDEVAC
What gauze is used in the field to aid the stopping of bleeding?
Quickclot combat gauze
What does MIST stand for?
- Mechanism of injury
- Injuries sustained
- Symptoms and vital signs
- Treatment given
What is MIST used for?
To assist in preventing MEDEVAC delays, triage form
