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Mother-Baby > Expected Physiological Changes in Pregnancy > Flashcards

Expected Physiological Changes in Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

how long does pregnancy span?

A

9 months

  • 10 lunar months of 28 days
  • 40 weeks
  • 280 days
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2
Q

first trimester

A

week 1 - week 12 and 6 days

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3
Q

where is the uterus during the first trimester?

A

behind the pubic symphysis

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4
Q

initial visit

A 
Questions about pregnancy, symptoms, feelings about pregnancy, and hopes for pregnancy 
LMP
Medication supplements
Educate and avoid drugs
Limit caffeine to 2 cups or less
Cramping? Bleeding?
Planned pregnancy?
Social supports?
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5
Q

second trimester

A

week 13 - week 26 and 6 days

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6
Q

third trimester

A

week 27 - week 40

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7
Q

up to how many weeks is it considered an abortion?

A

20 weeks

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8
Q

after how many weeks is the fetus viable?

A

27 weeks

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9
Q

preterm

A

prior to 37 weeks gestational age

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10
Q

term

A

pregnancy between 37-42 weeks

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11
Q

post term

A

after 42 weeks of pregnancy

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12
Q

striae gravidum

A

stretch marks which are common on the breasts, lungs, thighs, and abdomen

may appear dark or red then become pale or silvery over time

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13
Q

linea nigra

A

dark line from the pubic symphysis to the fundus is more often with women with darker skin and disappears after pregnancy

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14
Q

chloasma

A

the mask of pregnancy that darkens with sun exposure and disappears after pregnancy

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15
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelets

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16
Q

when pregnant, what level of RBCs in the CBC is considered anemia?

A

below 10.7

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17
Q

urinary frequence or incontinence remedies

A

Kegels, empty bladder often, decrease caffeine

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18
Q

fatigue remedies

A

eat healthy diet, take naps, feeling tired? Rest, stay away from caffeine

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19
Q

nausea and vomiting remedies

A

avoid empty stomach, crackers prn, avoid greasy food, fried food, strong odors

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20
Q

backache remedies

A

heating pad on low setting, support with pillows, attention to posture and back exercises

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21
Q

leg cramp remedies

A

elevate legs and when they cramp, straighten legs and felt feet to head

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22
Q

varicosities remedies

A

walk daily, elevate legs, avoid standing, don’t cross legs, support stockings

23
Q

hemorrhoid remedies

A

BM daily, fiber rich foods, exercise daily, witch hazel compresses

24
Q

constipation remedies

A

Increase fluids, exercise daily, decrease cheese, ground flax seeds 1 TBS/day

25
Q

heartburn remedies

A

Avoid spicy or greasy foods, eat sm. Frequent meals, avoid caffeine, sleep on pillows, sips of water, few antacids

26
Q

Kelly is having her 4th pregnancy. She has had 1 miscarriage and one term baby who is 4 years old and a set of preterm twins who are now 2 years old. What is her GTPAL?

A

G4 1113

27
Q

During the 1st prenatal exam, Sally had laboratory tests done by drawing blood. Which tests will be obtained?

A. CBC
B. Rh factor
C. Rubella titer
D. Group B Strep
E. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
A

A, B, C

28
Q

why is Rh factor important?

A

It indicates whether the blood of two different people is compatible when mixed – such as the blood of a mother and her baby at birth

Baby is Rh pos and the mom is Rh neg
Second baby is the one that is at risk

29
Q

what would a rubella infection or vaccination do to the fetus?

A

blind, birth defects, and cognitive disabilities

30
Q 
Kelly’s LMP (1st day of last menses) it is estimated the pregnancy is approximately 6 weeks gestation.  At this gestational age, which findings on a sonogram would confirm the pregnancy? (choose all that apply)
A. Fetal pole
B. Cardiac activity
C. Gestational sac
D. Biparietal diameter
E. Placental location
A

A, B, C

31
Q

If a pregnant woman’s LMP was (9/20), What would her due date be?

A. May 27
B. June 13
C. June 27
D. July 20

A

C

32
Q

Tanya’s next prenatal appointment is in 4 weeks. She is instructed to call the provider’s office if which of the following signs and symptoms occur before the next visit? (Select all that apply)

A. Vaginal bleeding
B. Abdominal cramping
C. Dysuria
D. Temperature >100.4
E. Change in fetal activity?
A

A, B, ??

33
Q

when will the uterus be at the umbilicus?

A

at 20 weeks

34
Q

presumptive signs

A

changes that a client experiences that makes them think they might be pregnant but it could be other factors

­Amenorrhea
­Breast tenderness
­Nausea
Urinary frequency

35
Q

probable signs

A

changes that would make an examiner expect that the person is pregnant

­Braxton Hicks contractions
­Positive pregnancy test
­Softening of the cervix (Goodell’s sign)
­Bluish discoloration of the female genitalia (Chadwick’s sign)

36
Q

positive signs of pregnancy

A

signs that can only be explained by pregnancy

­Fetal heartbeat obtained
­Fetus visualized on ultrasound
Fetus movements

37
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

A positive Goodell sign is characterized by softening of the cervix, typically noticed in the first 4 to 8 weeks of pregnancy

38
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

dark bluish or purplish discoloration of the vaginal tissue, vulva, or cervix, which is caused by an increase in venous (from the veins) blood flow to the area

39
Q

naagles rule

A

calculates when the due date is

add seven days to the first day of your last menstrual period and subtract three months

40
Q

What is the most accurate way to know what the correct due date is?

A

Ultrasound measurement of the embryo/fetus size in the first trimester

41
Q

GTPAL

A 
G  = Gravida = number of pregnancies in lifetime
 T= Term- Number of pregnancies that ended at term >37 wks
 P = Preterm – Number of pregnancies that ended preterm (20 – 36.6 weeks)
 A = Abortions – Number of pregnancies that end spontaneously before 20 wk
     	elective ITOP (intentional termination of pregnancy/spontaneous)
 L = Living Children
42
Q

gravity

A

number of times pregnant

43
Q

parity

A

number of times pregnancy ended in birth

44
Q

how do you confirm a woman is pregnant?

A

Blood and urine tests to confirm the presence of hCG
Presence is after days 10/11
Can detect it 7-8 days prior to menses

45
Q

what do high levels of hcg mean?

A

can indicate multifetal, ectopic, hydatidiform mole, or a genetic abnormality

46
Q

what do low levels of hcg mean?

A

can be miscarriage, late, or an ectopic pregnancy

47
Q

what part of blood volume increases the most?

A

plasma

48
Q

when does diastolic bp change?

A

decreases around 24 to 32 weeks but returns to normal at the end

49
Q

what happens to respiratory rate especially after the third trimester?

A

it increases as lung capacity decreases

50
Q

what happens to cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output increases by 30-50%

10-15 bpm above pre-pregnancy rate

51
Q

what labs are done in early pregnancy?

A 
CBC
Blood type and Rh
Rubella status 
STIs
Genetic testing 
Diabetic glucose control (HgbA1C)
TB status (PPD)
Lead levels
52
Q

small for gestational age

A

less than 10% on growth chart

53
Q

large for gestational age

A

above 90% on a growth chart

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