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CA1 CHN > EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION > Flashcards

EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION Flashcards

1
Q
  • Established in 1976
  • Legal Basis: Presidential Decree 996 (PD 996)
  • To ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
  • Six vaccine preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: TB, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis & measles
A

EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION

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2
Q
  • Compulsory Immunization against Hepatitis B
  • Provided for compulsory immunization against Hepatitis B for infants & children below 8 years old.
  • Provided for hepatitis B immunization within 24 hours after birth of babies of women with hepatitis B
A

REPUBLIC ACT OF 7846 (RA 7846)

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3
Q
  • National Immunization Program
  • Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011
  • Mandates basic immunization covering the vaccine-preventable diseases

Goals of the Program:
1. To immunize all infants/children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.
2. To sustain the polio-free status of the Philippines.
3. To eliminate measles infection.
4. To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus.
5. To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, & German measles.
6. To prevent extrapulmonary TB among children.

A

REPUBLIC ACT OF 10152
(RA 10152)

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4
Q

Eligible Population

A

0 – 12 MONTHS (newborn/infants)

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5
Q

Principles

A
  1. Epidemiological Situation
  2. Mass Approach
  3. Basic Health Service
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6
Q
  • “weakened”
  • Very effective, provides lifelong protection in 1 or 2 shots.
  • Can’t give to weak immune system (like children with HIV infection)
    Vaccine:
  • Bacteria: Tuberculosis (BCG)
  • Virus: Oral Polio Vax., measles, Rotavirus, Yellow fever
    Ex.:
  • MMR vaccine (measles, mumps & rubella)
  • Anti-Measles Vaccine / Measles Containing Vaccine
  • Rotavirus
  • Smallpox
  • Chickenpox
A

Attenuated Vaccine - Live but altered (LAV)

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7
Q
  • Safer than LAV
  • Less effective than LAV
  • Not lifetime protection. Needs multiple doses over time
    Vaccine:
  • Bacteria: Whole-cell pertussis (wP)
  • Virus: Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV
    Ex.:
  • wP – whole cell Pertussis
  • IPV – inactivated polio vaccine
A

Inactivated Vaccine - Killed

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8
Q
  • Safe, can’t cause disease, no possibility of reversion to virulence
  • Require several doses, need adjuvant
    Vaccine:
  • Bacteria: Tetanus (TT)
  • Diphtheria toxoid
A

Toxoid Vaccine

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9
Q
  • Create response against the molecules in the pathogen’s capsule

Ex.:
- Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (Hib)
- Pneumococcal conjugate
- Hepatis B (HepB)
- Acellular pertussis (aP)
Org:
- Meningococcus
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- Pneumococcus

A

Conjugate subunit Vaccines

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10
Q

Tuberculosis

At birth, 0.05ml, ID, Right deltoid region (arm)

Live, attenuated bacteria

Freeze-dried, reconstituted w/ special diluent

A

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)

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11
Q

Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Pneumonia, Meningitis

6, 10, 14 weeks, 0.5ml, IM, Anterolateral thigh muscle (Vastus Lateralis)

D - weakened vaccine
P - killed bacteria
T - weakened toxins

Diphtheria toxoid, inactivated pertussis bacteria, tetanus toxoid, recombinant DNA surface antigen, and synthetic conjugate of Haemophilus influenzae B bacilli

Liquid, clear

A

Pentavalent vaccine

DPT -HepB-Hib
(PENTAVALENT)
5-in-1 vaccine

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12
Q

At birth, 0.5ml, IM, Anterolateral thigh muscle (Vastus Lateralis)

Plasma derived
RNA-recombinant, using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)

Cloudy, liquid

A

Hepatitis B vaccine (Monovalent)

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13
Q

Poliomyelitis

6, 10, 14 weeks, 2 drops, Oral, Mouth

GI mucosal immunity
Live, attenuated virus (trivalent)

Clear, pinkish liquid

A

Oral polio vaccine

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14
Q

6, 10 weeks, 1.5ml, Oral, Mouth

Live, attenuated virus

Clear, colorless liquid, in a
container with an oral applicator

A

Rotavirus vaccine

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15
Q

Weakened toxin

Clear, colorless liquid; sometimes
slightly turbid.

A

Tetanus toxoid

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16
Q

9-11 months, 0.5ml, SUBCU, Outer part of the upper arm

Live, attenuated virus

Freeze-dried, reconstituted with a special diluent

A

Anti-measles vaccine
(AMV1)

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17
Q

12-15 months, 0.5ml, SUBCU, Outer part of the upper arm

Live, attenuated viruses

Freeze-dried, reconstituted with a special diluent

A

Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (AMV2)

18
Q

Least sensitive to heat
Most sensitive to cold

A

Pentavalent
Hep B
Diphtheria Tetanus Toxoid

2°C to 8°C
Body of Fridge

8 hours if room temp

19
Q

Most sensitive to heat

A

OPV
- 15°C to -25°C
Freezer

20
Q

Nationwide Immunization Day

A

WEDNESDAY

21
Q

Barangay Health Station

A

MONTHLY

22
Q

Far Flung Area

A

QUARTERLY

23
Q

Some areas, to cover all targets

A

EVERY DAY

24
Q

If more than one injection has
to be given on the same limb

A

Injection sites should be 2.5-5cm apart (1in)

25
Q

FIC
- Given BCG, three doses of OPV, three doses of DPT and hepatitis B vaccine or three doses of Pentavalent vaccine, and one dose of anti-measles vaccine before reaching one year of age

A

Fully Immunized Child

26
Q

CIC
- Completed their immunization schedule at the age of 12-23 months

A

Completely Immunized Child

27
Q

CPAB
- two doses of TT during this pregnancy, provided that the second dose was given at least a month prior to delivery; or at least three doses of TT anytime prior to pregnancy with this child

A

Child Protected At Birth

28
Q

Vaccines confer immunity only when they are potent

To retain the potency vaccines must be properly stored, handled, and transported

System for ensuring the potency of a vaccine from the time of manufacture to the time it is given to an eligible client.

Cold Chain Officer

A

Cold Chain

29
Q

Maintain Potency

A

Proper Vaccine Storage
First Expiry, First Out (FEFO) Principle
Vaccine Vial Monitor
Shake Test

Max.:
48 hours at Vaccine carriers
5 days at Transport box
4 weeks (28 days) - mulit-dose vaccines, if all conditions are met
1 month in the Fridge
Fridge 12 inches from the wall

30
Q

Body of Refrigerator Temp

A

2°C to 8°C

AMV, MMR, Rota,
HBV, 5-in-1, RV, TT (damaged by freezing)
Diluents

31
Q

Freezer Temp

A

-15°C to -25°C

OPV

32
Q

Temperature monitoring

A

Twice a day (2x)
Upon opening
Before closing

33
Q

Protect

A

BCG from sunlight
Rota virus from light

34
Q

Poliomyelitis

14 weeks, 0.5ml, IM, Vastus Lateralis

Serum immunity (blood)
Clear, liquid

A

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

35
Q

Pneumonia Meningitis

6, 10, 14 weeks, (For 2-5 yo. give 1 dose), 0.5ml, IM, Vastus Lateralis

Clear, liquid

A

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

36
Q

Mumps, Measles, German Measles

9 months and 12-15 months, 0,5ml, SUBCU, Outer Arm

Live-attenuated virus
Freeze-dried with special diluent

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)

37
Q

DT Dose 1

A

As early as possible

0%

0

38
Q

Vaccines that have special diluent and should be discarded 6 hours after reconstitution or after clinic hours

A

BCG, AMV, MMR

39
Q

DT Dose 2

A

4 weeks after

80%

3 years

40
Q

DT Dose 3

A

6 months after DT2

95%

5 years

41
Q

DT Dose 4

A

1 year after DT3

99%

10 years

42
Q

DT Dose 5

A

1 year after DT4

99%

Lifetime

CA1 CHN (7 decks)

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