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Exotics > Exotics Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exotics Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

mammal species

A

4,000

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2
Q

bird species

A

9500

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3
Q

reptile species

A

7000

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4
Q

amphibian species

A

4200

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5
Q

fish species

A

19,000 (up to 25,000)

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6
Q

marketing

A

direct

indirect

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7
Q

direct marketing

A 
yellow page advertisements 
hospital brochure 
follow up communication
use of other media
hospital sign/logo
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8
Q

indirect marketing

A

word of mouth
retailers- post-purchase exam, brochures and cards at check out
complimentary classes

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9
Q

most important piece of equipment to purchase for practice when starting exotics

A

gram scale

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10
Q

radiology for exotics

A

high detail
dental
mammography

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11
Q

most important dz conditions encounter in reptiles

A

environmental

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12
Q

most environmental condition

A

temperature

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13
Q

ectothermic

A

depend on environmental temperature

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14
Q

POBT

A

preferred optimal body temperature

metabolism, digestion, immune system

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15
Q

suture removal in reptiles

A

6 weeks

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16
Q

ecdysis

A

shedding

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17
Q

humidity needed for:

A

optimum health

proper ecdysis

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18
Q

dysecdysis

A

abnormal shedding of the skin
caused by low humidity
retained spectacle - skin on eye

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19
Q

blister disease

A

high humidity

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20
Q

suboptimal light

A

inadequate ultraviolet light (UVB) - needed for Vit. D
lack vit. D - cause Ca deficiency
metabolic bone disease
secondary hyperparathyroidism (husbandry)

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21
Q

zinc toxicity

A

from pennies (esp. 1982 and later ones)
lot of reptiles ingest shiny things (esp. tortoises)
can get hardware dz from ingesting things (tortoises eat things like nails)

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22
Q

1 concern of keeping reptiles at home

A

Salmonella

sanitation key

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23
Q

chelonians

A

tortoises

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24
Q

feeding snakes rodents

A

only feed killed rodents

unless quickly killed the rodents bite and injure snakes - long time to heal and deep

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25
Q

protozoa

A

Amoeba (Entamoeba)
not zoonotic
tx: metronidazole

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26
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Coccidia- sporozoa
one of most economically impt. dz in reptiles
zoonosis? treat as such
hypertrophic gastritis
CS: midbody swelling in snakes and postprandial regurgitation
tx: none

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27
Q

Ophionyssus

A

“snake mite”
tiny gray dots under chin & between scales
tx: soaking, washing, sanitation

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28
Q

ticks

A

anemia

focal ulcerating lesions

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29
Q

ivermectin

A

tx of ectoparasites

contraindicated in chelonians

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30
Q

nematode- ascarids

A

CS: none
Tx: fenbendazole

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31
Q

most important/common disease see in reptiles

A

hypovitaminosis D

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32
Q

hypovitaminosis D

A

hypocalcemia

metabolic bone disease

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33
Q

hypervitaminosis D

A

metastatic mineralization of soft tissue

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34
Q

thigmotactic

A

animal prefers to wedge itself between objects

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35
Q

critical aspect of dz prevention in reptile collection

A

quarantine

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36
Q

class

A

reptilia

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37
Q

3 orders

A

chelonians
crocodilians
squamates

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38
Q

squamates order

A

saurians (lizards)
serpentes (snakes)
sphenodontia (tuatara)

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39
Q

thermal gradient

A

mid 80s to low 100s F

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40
Q

primary heat source

A

provides background temp at low end of PBT

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41
Q

secondary heat source

A

basking spot

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42
Q

UVB wavelength

A

290-320nm

43
Q

space between UVB and animal

A

12-18 inches

44
Q

humidity

A

50-60%

45
Q

temperature large ponds

A

75-80F

46
Q

quarantine

A

60-120 days

47
Q

reptiles endangered

A

1/3 of reptiles

48
Q

how many of the serpentes are venemous

A

1/3

49
Q

most widely distributed reptiles

A

sauria (lizards)

50
Q

venemous lizards

A

gila and beaded lizard

51
Q

desert tortoise upper respiratory infection

A

Mycoplasma agassizii

52
Q

Mycobacterium

A

caseous necrosis
granulomata
zoonotic potential

53
Q

inclusion body disease

A 
retrovirus 
Burmese pythons
boa constrictors 
snake mite plays a role 
neurologic as progresses 
fatal
54
Q

ulcerative stomatitis

A

Aeromonas, Pseudomonas

55
Q

blister disease

A

gram -

56
Q

middle ear infection of chelonian

A

Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

57
Q

mA

A

300

58
Q

kVP

A

40-100

59
Q

distance between tube and cassette

A

40 inches

60
Q

fracture healing radiographs in lizards

A

12-16 weeks post injury

61
Q

radiograph view

A

DV (bones and other organs)
lateral (using horizontal beam- lungs)
craniocaudal in chelonians (lungs)

62
Q

volume blood collected from reptile

A

.5-.8% of body weight

63
Q

anticoagulant

A

use heparin

NEVER CaEDTA- b/c causes hemolysis

64
Q

venipuncture in lizards

A

ventral coccygeal/tail vein

jugular

65
Q

venipuncture in snakes

A

cardiac #1
ventral tail vein
insert needles between scales

66
Q

venipuncture in chelonians

A 
jugular
subcarapacial- lymph dilution
dorsal coccygeal- lymph dilution 
brachial
postoccipital venous plexus
67
Q

blunted choanal papilla

A

indicate illness

hypovitaminosis A at top if list

68
Q

do birds have an epiglottis

A

no

69
Q

birds have complete tracheal rings so need to use

A

noncuffed endotracheal tubes

70
Q

syrinx

A

tracheal bifurcation- vocalization

71
Q

air sacs

A

9

80% respiratory volume

72
Q

unpaired

A

interclavicular

73
Q

paired

A

cervicocephalic
cranial thoracic
caudal thoracic
abdominal

74
Q

rhamphotheca

A

entire beak

75
Q

rhinotheca

A

upper beak

76
Q

gnathotheca

A

lower beak

77
Q

intrinsic tongue muscles

A

only parrots have

78
Q

pterylae

A

feathered tracts

79
Q

apterylae

A

featherless areas between tracts

80
Q

remiges

A

flight feathers

81
Q

retrices

A

tail feathers

82
Q

coverts

A

feathers cover most of body

83
Q

notarium

A

cervical + thoracic vertebrae

84
Q

synsacrum

A

caudal thoracic + lumbar + sacral + caudal vertebrae (fused to ileum)

85
Q

pygostyle

A

distal fusion of caudal vertebrae

86
Q

supracoracoiddeus

A

abduction of wing

87
Q

pectoralis

A

adduction of wing

88
Q

temp for sick birds

A

85-90 F

89
Q

temp for baby birds

A

94F

90
Q

Pacheco’s disease

A 
psittacine herpesvirus hepatitis 
targets the liver 
biliverdinuria
latent infection
survives infection- carrier
91
Q

psittacine beak and feather disease

A 
circovirus 
targets immune system 
targets follicles of feathers 
abnormal shape or color feather- CS 
peracute fledgling/nestling form 
acute- nestlings 
chronic- 6 months or older 
PCR test 
stable environment
92
Q

avian polyoma virus

A

small psittacines: nestlings death day 10-25, feather dystrophy, subcutanous hemorrhage
large pisttacines: hepatitis
latent infections, stable environment
PCR

93
Q

poxvirus

A

break through skin- trauma or mosquito
dry cutaneous- proliferative masses regress 4-6 weeks
wet mucosal (diphtheritic)- oropharynx, trachea, eyes
septicemic - conjunctivitis, dyspnea, lung tumors in survivors
cytology/histology

94
Q

WNV

A

mosquito
no signs, sick bird syndrome, neurological, found dead
PCR
equine vaccine

95
Q

papillomatosis

A

new world species
likely herpes virus
papillomas on mucosal surfaces esp. cloaca and oropharynx
histopath

96
Q

avian borna virus

A 
live NS and spread through GI
signs: nonspecific, GI, neuro, combo 
crop dilatation big sign 
PCR
affects ganglions supplying GI system - lymphoplasmacytic infiltration
non-supportive encephalomyelitis 
body inflammatory response causing issue
anti-inflammatories for tx (Meloxican TOC, carprofen)
97
Q

avian radiographic views

A

VD

lateral

98
Q

ingluvies

A

crop

99
Q

proventriculus

A

lateral view

VD view depends on gizzard

100
Q

gizzard

A

VD: left midline w/ cranial border level acetebulum
lateral: dorsal surface 1/2 to 3/4 distance between vertebral column and keel

101
Q

intestines

A

not much gas- don’t show on plain films

102
Q

liver

A

VD: hourglass shape
lateral: heart cranially, gizzard/duodenum caudally, proventriculus dorsally, sternum ventrally

103
Q

spleen:

A

lateral: cranial to intestines and dorsal to liver

Exotics (1 decks)

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