Exotic Animal Management: NHPs

Question 1

Non-human primate (NHPs) members of the Suborder Strepsirrhini include the Tarsiers, Monkeys, and Great Apes.
True or False

Answer 1

False! Tarsies, Monkeys and Great Apes are members of the suborder
Haplorrhini.
Lemurs, Lorises and Galagos are Strepsirrhini

Question 2

In general, Old World Monkeys, absorb Vitamin D poorly so dietary supplementation is particularly necessary.
True or False

Answer 2

False, it’s New World Monkeys who need Vitamin D supplementation. And all NHPs require Vitamin C diet supplementation.

Question 3

Today, Rhesus and Cynomalogus Monkeys (or macaques) represent the majority of non-human primates (NHPs) studied in the biomedical research environment.
True or False

Answer 3

True, they make up 50% of total NHPs used in research.
NHPs represent <2% of animals in research.

Question 4

___________________ (title of book) is an Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) publication (1998( providing general guidance on how to provide for the mental health of non-human primates (NHPs) in the research environment.

Answer 4

The Psychological Well Being of Non-Human Primates

Question 5

In challenging or stressful circumstances, ______, ________, and _______ are three typically submissive behaviors which non human primates exhibit.

Answer 5

lip smacking, presenting hind end, avoiding eye contact, and grooming

Question 6

Many female NHP species develop pronounced __________ around their hind end that increases in pinkish-red color and turgidity as reproductive phases signal receptivity.

Answer 6

sex skin.

Question 7

Which is an ‘Old World’ taxonomic family of Non-human primates?

Answer 7

Family Cercopithecidae

Question 8

‘New World’ taxonomic families of NHPs

Answer 8

Cebidae
Aotidae
Atelidae
Pitheciidae
Callitrichidae

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding social hierarchy of many NHP species?
a) A male’s social ranking is relatively stable over lifetime.
b) A female’s social ranking is transitory over lifetime
c) An offspring’s social rank is in large part dependent on father’s social ranking
d) Within a social grouping, there is both an alpha male and an alpha female.

Answer 9

d) Within a social grouping, there is both an alpha male and an alpha female.
a is False because it’s a female’s social ranking that is relatively stable over lifetime.
b is False because a male’s social ranking is transitory
c is False because social rank is dependent on mother’s social ranking

Question 10

What are some dominant behaviors that NHPs express?

Answer 10

Direct eye contact, yawn, and open mouth to reveal teeth, aggressive posturing/lunging

Question 11

What are New World Monkeys used for in research?

Answer 11

ID O C DD B R O
Infectious Disease
Oncology
Cardiovascular
Drug development
Behavior
Reproduction
Ophthalmology

Question 12

What are Old World Monkeys used for in research?

Answer 12

ID I DD N
Infectious disease
Immunology
Drug Development
Neurology

Question 13

What are the regulations regarding cage size for macaques?

Answer 13

6ft2 area and greater than 32 in height

Question 14

NHPs housing room requirements for:
Room temperature
Relative humidity
Air changes/hour
Hour light cycle

Answer 14

Room temperature (64-84 F)
Relative humidity (30-70%)
Air changes/hour (10-15)
Hour light cycle (12-14)

Question 15

How often should racks, caging, water bottles, pans and feed hoppers be sanitized and how?

Answer 15

Minimum of once every two weeks using a hot water cycle (143-180 F)

Question 16

Enrichment devices for NHPs should be _______, __________, and ________.

Answer 16

safe, non-toxic, and durable

Question 17

Apart from social interaction, what are some other forms of enrichment for NHPs?

Answer 17

Arboreal species (swings, perches), puzzle feeders (promote problem solving, tactile interaction)
dietary (fruit, nuts, granola, flavored ice, vegetables, also promote foraging)
tactile (mirrors, balls, chains)
chewing (wood, coconut husk)

Question 18

In general, NHPs consume 3-5% of body weight per day split in 2-3 feedings per day
True or False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the minimum nutritional requirements of protein, fat and crude fiber for Old World Monkeys?

Answer 19

15% protein, 5% fat and >5% crude fiber

Question 20

What are the minimum nutritional requirements of protein, fat and crude fiber for New World Monkeys?

Answer 20

25% protein, 9% fat and >5% crude fiber

Question 21

What are some methods of individual identification for NHPs?

Answer 21

Tattoo (chest or thigh most common)
Collar or ear tags
Microchip
Clipped or dyed fur (unique pattern or color)

Question 22

Handlers pose risk to animals due to the possible transmission of _______, __________, and __________.

Answer 22

measles, flu, and tuberculosis

Question 23

Causative agent of ‘Bloody Nose Syndrome’ in Old World macaques

Answer 23

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 24

Causative agent for a devastating disease of captive research colonies

Answer 24

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 25

Common cause of blood-tinged, mucoid diarrhea. Associated abdominal pain often results in ‘praying posture’.

Answer 25

Shigella flexneri

Question 26

Most common cause of watery (no blood or mucus) diarrheal disease in Old World Moneys

Answer 26

Camplobacter jejuni

Question 27

Disease in both OW & NW primates that results in tonic muscle spasms, trismus (lockjaw), paralysis

Answer 27

clostridium tetani