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Earth Science > Exogenic & Endogenic Processes > Flashcards

Exogenic & Endogenic Processes Flashcards

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1
Q
  • occurs in Earth’s surface, driven by external force (ex. solar energy)
    -destructive forces, result in destruction of landforms via weathering and erosion
    -weathering, mass wasting, erosion, deposition
A

Exogenic Processes

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2
Q

-driven by energy and forces originating deep within the Earth
-constructive forces, create relief features on Earth’s surface
-main source of energy is Earth’s internal heat
-produce visible after-effects after sudden damage caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

A

Endogenic Processes

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3
Q

It is the on-site breakdown of rocks and its eventual transformation into sediments.

A

Weathering

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4
Q

Physical breakdown of a rock into unconnected grains or chunks without changes in its composition.

A

Physical Weathering or Mechanical Weathering

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5
Q

Natural cracks/joints are formed and it breaks the rocks into rectangular blocks, irregular chunks, or onion-like sheets

A

Exfoliation, Physical Weathering

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6
Q

The rock freezes which causes the joints to expand and grow which causes the rock to detach

A

Frost Wedging, Physical Weathering

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7
Q

Plants growing on a rock’s surface pry it open due to joints expanding

A

Root wedging, Physical Weathering

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8
Q

Salt crystallizes which pushes apart surrounding grains which weakens the rock

A

Salt Wedging, Physical Weathering

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9
Q

Occurs when rock is exposed to high temperature, outer layer expands due to baking

A

Thermal Expansion, Physical Weathering

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10
Q

-Causes (substances in the air and in rain)
-Occurs when there are chemical changes in the rock’s composition. It is a surface or near-surface process.

A

Chemical Weathering

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11
Q

Minerals are dissolved in water

A

Dissolution, Chemical Weathering

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12
Q

Water reacts with minerals which breaks minerals down

A

Hydrolysis, Chemical Weathering

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13
Q

-Reaction of oxygen with minerals in the rocks.
-Forms oxides
-Rusting

A

Oxidation, Chemical Weathering

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14
Q

Water is absorbed which causes expansion within the rock

A

Hydration, Chemical Weathering

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14
Q

Water is absorbed which causes expansion within the rock

A

Hydration, Chemical Weathering

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15
Q

Polluting gases dissolve in rainwater which makes stronger acids. Causes damage

A

Acidification, Chemical Weathering

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16
Q

-Causes (plants and animals)
-Occurs when rocks are weakened by the different biological agents like plants and animals.
-Special type of physical and chemical weathering

A

Biological Weathering

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17
Q

Caused by burrowing animals and human activities

A

Biological Weathering by Physical Means

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18
Q

Plants and animals produce acidic substances that react with rocks

A

Biological Weathering by Chemical Compounds

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19
Q

-generated during Earth Formation
-internal heat energy accumulated by dissipation in a planet
-source of heat is accretion energy

A

Primordial Heat

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20
Q

Conversion of kinetic energy of smaller planetary objects into heat as they collided on ____.

A

Accretion Energy

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21
Q

-generated by long term radioactive decay or the disintegration of natural radioactive elements
-thermal energy released as a result of spontaneous nuclear disintegrations
-mantle convection

A

Radiogenic Heat

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22
Q

Heating in the mantle

A

Mantle convection

22
Q

Heating in the mantle

A

Mantle convection

23
Q

-Form when preexisting or parent rocks are altered by heat, pressure, and the chemical activity of fluids.

A

Metamorphic Rocks

24
Q

Changes in form

A

Metamorphism

24
Q

Changes in form

A

Metamorphism

25
Q

Matter changes form but not chemical identity

A

Physical change

26
Q

A chemical reaction occurs and new products are formed

A

Chemical Changes

27
Q

-Occurs due to heating, with or without burial of rocks that lie close to a magma intrusion.
-results to nonfoliated metamorphic rocks

A

Contact metamorphism

28
Q

-Occurs over broad areas of the crust usually in convergent plate boundaries
-affected by heat, temperature, and differential stress
-results to foliated metamorphic rocks

A

Regional Metamorphism

29
Q

-Occurs when sediments are buried deeply enough that the heat and pressure cause minerals to begin to recrystallize and minerals grow.
-occurs in sedimentary basins

A

Burial Metamorphism

30
Q

-High-pressure metamorphism resulting from the crushing and shearing of rocks during tectonic movement,
-produces mylonites

A

Dynamic or Cataclastic Metamorphism

31
Q

-Occurs along the mid-ocean ridge, spreading centers where heated seawater percolates through hot, fractured basalt

A

Hydrothermal Metamorphism

32
Q

-Takes place when the heat and shock waves from meteor or asteroid impact transform rocks immediately around the impact site.
-Extreme compression of the shock wave causes mineral chemical structure change

A

Shock metamorphism

33
Q

-Causes rocks to be pulled apart that result to lengthening and break apart
-Stretches the rock which results to elongation and shortening
-Can be found at divergent plate boundaries

A

Tensional Stress

34
Q

-Dominant force is directed towards each other
-Squeezes the rocks which results to shortening and elongation
-Causes the rocks to fold and fracture
-Found at convergent plate boundaries

A

Compressional Stress

35
Q

-Dominant force is directed towards each other but not on the same axis
-Forces slide pass each other in opposite directions
-Results to slippage and translation
-Found at transform plate boundaries

A

Shear Stress

36
Q

-Magma intrudes into a low-density area of another geologic formation such as sedimentary rock structure. When it cools to solid rock, it forms pluton.

A

Intrusion

37
Q

Sheared, highly deformed rocks formed by dynamic or cataclastic metamorphism

A

Mylonites

37
Q

Sheared, highly deformed rocks formed by dynamic or cataclastic metamorphism

A

Mylonites

38
Q

Intrusion of magma that wells up from below the surface

A

Pluton

39
Q

-Magma escapes or extrudes through lava

A

Extrusion

40
Q

These can be fire fountains of liquid rock or thick, slow-moving rivers of molten material.

A

Lava eruptions

41
Q

Formed when magma solidifies

A

Tephra or volcanic ash

42
Q

-Decompression
-Flux Melting
-Heat transfer melting
-Partial melting

A

Magma formation

43
Q

-Tensional Stress
-Compressional Stress
-Shear Stress

A

Behaviors of rocks under stress

44
Q

-Contact Metamorphism
-Regional Metamorphism
-Burial Metamorphism
-Dynamic/Cataclastic Metamorphism
-Hydrothermal Metamorphism
-Shock Metamorphism

A

Types of Metamorphism

45
Q

-Primordial Heat
-Radiogenic Heat

A

Sources of Internal Heat

46
Q

-Oxidation
-Dissolution
-Hydrolysis
-Hydration
-Acidification

A

Chemical Weathering

47
Q

-Exfoliation
-Frost Wedging
-Root Wedging
-Salt Wedging
-Thermal Expansion

A

Physical/Mechanical Weathering

48
Q

-Endogenic Processes
-Exogenic Processes

A

Earth’s processes

49
Q

-Involves the upward movement of Earth’s mostly solid mantle.
-Hot material rises to a low pressure area
-Overlying pressure/decompression allows mantle rock to melt and form magma.
-Often occurs at divergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates separate.

A

Decompression Melting, Magma Formation

50
Q

-Hot, liquid rock, intrudes into Earth’s cold crust.
-The liquid rock solidifies and loses its heat
-Hot rock from below intrudes into the cooler plate above
-This process transfers heat and forms magma
-Happens at convergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are crashing together

A

Heat Transfer Melting, Magma Formation

51
Q

-Water or carbon dioxide enters a rock (chemical weathering)
-The compounds cause rocks to melt at lower temperatures which forms magma
-Occurs around subduction zones

A

Flux Melting, Magma Formation

52
Q

Rocks - High Temperature - Partial Melting - Magma Formation
-It does not melt uniformly.
-Minerals with lower melting points turn into liquid magma while the higher melting points remain as a solid crystal.

A

Partial Melting, Magma Formation

Earth Science (1 decks)

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