Exogenic/Endogenic Processes Flashcards
Breakdown of rock material at and near Earth’s surface is known as
weathering.
Gravity Induced downslope movement of rock material is known as
Mass wasting
A process which disintegrates rocks, breaking larger blocks or outcrops of rock into smaller clasts/rocks
Mechanical Weathering
Decomposes rock through chemical reactions that remove ions from the original rock-forming minerals.
Chemical weathering
Decomposition and disintegration of rock matter accomplished in ways influenced by organisms is sometimes referred to as
Biological Weathering
The successive removal of outer rock sheets
Exfoliation
is a process of erosion that happens in cold areas where ice forms. A crack in a rock can fill with water which then freezes as the temperature drops. As the ice expands, it pushes the crack apart, making it larger.
Freeze-thaw weathering
Water molecules attach to the crystalline structure of a mineral without causing a permanent change in that mineral’s composition.
Hydration - Physical Weathering
Water containing dissolved salts accumulates in these spaces. when the water evaporates, the salts stay behind growing into crystals, which will wedge pieces of rocks apart.
Salt crystal growth
The element releases its bond with the mineral leaving behind a substance with an altered chemical formula. This chemical union of oxygen atoms with another substance to create a new product is called ___
Oxidation
Materials expand or contract when subjected to changes in temperature
Thermal Expansion and contraction weathering
is the removal of great weights of rock or ice that lie on the surface.
Unloading Weathering
5 types of Physical Weathering
Unloading, Salt Crystal growth, hydration, thermal expansion and contraction, freeze-thaw
A chemical reaction that causes mineral forming ions to dissociate and the separated ions are carried away in the water.
Solution
Common type of solution that involves carbon dioxide and water molecules reacting with, and thereby decomposing, rock material.
Carbonation
the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts.
Hydrolisis
the motion of this could be witnessed directly by people.
Fast mass wasting
We can only measure the movement and observe its effects over long periods of time.
Slow mass wasting
The slow downslope movement of water-saturated soil
Solifluction
The gradual downslope motion primarily affecting a relatively thin surface layer of weathered rock particles.
Creep
Mass wasting events that consist of earth materials plummeting downward freely through the air
Falls
A type of mass movement in which much of the involved material is pulverized, and flows rapidly as an airborne density current along the Earth’s Surface.
Avalanche
A cohesive/semi cohesive unit of the earth material slips downslope in continuous contact with the land surface.
Slides
Are rotational slides where earth moves along a concave, curved surface.
Slumps
