Exner's Manipulating Skills

Question 1

The rotation of an object 360 degrees (e.g. turning a pencil over to erase)

Answer 1

Complex Rotation (6 - 7 years)

Question 2

The turning or rolling of an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less (e.g. unscrewing a small bottle cap)

Answer 2

Simple Rotation (2 - 2.5 years)

Question 3

A linear movement of an object from the fingers to the palm of the hand (e.g. picking up coins)

Answer 3

Finger to Palm Translation (12 - 15 months)

Question 4

Linear movement of an object on the finger surfaces to allow for repositioning relative to finger pads

In order by age:

• seperating 2 pieces of paper
• rolling a piece of clay into a ball
• shifting on marker or pencil

Answer 4

Shift (3 - 5 years), (3 - 6+ years), (5 - 6+ years)

Question 5

With stabilization, a linear movement of an object from the palm of the hand to the fingers (e.g. placing coins in a slot)

Answer 5

Palm to Finger Translation (2 - 2.5 years)

Question 6

Several objects are held in the hand and manipulation of one object occurs, while simultaneously stabilizing the others (e.g picking up pennies with thumb and forefinger while storing them in the ulnar side of the same hand)

Answer 6

In-hand manipulation with stabilization (6 - 7 years)