Exm 3 Part 2 Flashcards by Christabel O.

A client has high magnesium levels, what risk should the client be put on?

Fall risk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In clients with renal issues, what electrolyte imbalance should be monitored?

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal range of Potassium??

3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The normal range of Sodium is…

136-145

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal range of Calcium?

9-10.5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The normal range of Magnesium is…

1.3-2.1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the factors that can cause electrolyte disturbance?

Dehydration
Overhydration
Certain meds
Heart, kidney or liver disorders
IV fluids
Feedings (Tube feed, TPN, poor diet)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some food examples high in potassium?

Baked potato, prune juice, carrot juice, white beans, plain nonfat yogurt, sweet potato, salmon, banana, avocado, spinach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Food examples high in sodium are…

Roasted ham, shrimp, frozen pizza, canned soup, vegetable juice, cottage cheese, vanilla pudding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Foods high in calcium are…

Cheese, plain nonfat yogurt, milk, orange juice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are examples of foods high in magnesium?

Spinach, pumpkin seeds, black beans, soybeans, cashews, dark chocolate, avocados, tofu, salmon, banana

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What must you have enough of in your system for calcium to be absorbed?

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organ does an abnormal potassium level affect?

The heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does an abnormal sodium level affect?

Mental state

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You can give potassium via IV push

True
False

FALSE!!!
- NEVER give potassium via IV push. It can stop the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Causes of hypokalemia can include…

-Potassium wasting diuretics (loop, thiazide, osmotic), high PCN, theophylline, amphotericin, chronic laxative
-prolonged N/V/D, excessive sweating
-gastric suctioning
-bowel diversion
-excessive alcohol
-decreased K intake, folic acid deficiency
-diabetic ketoacidosis, CKD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypokalemia can be treated by…

Replacing potassium with oral supplements (with meals) or IV prep

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia include…

Muscle weakness, cardiac dysthymias, constipation, fatigue, hypotension, tetany, rhabdomyolysis

Hyperkalemia can be caused by…

-potassium sparing diuretics (spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene), NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors
-renal failure
-dehydration
-diabetes mellitus
-trauma/burns
-excessive K intake
-PRBC transfusion
-sepsis, acidosis

What is the treatment for Hyperkalemia?

Hemodialysis, kayexalare, calcium gluconate, diuretics, resin med

A client with Hyperkalemia can experience what signs and symptoms?

-N/V
-myalgias/muscle weakness/paralysis
-decreased deep tendon reflexes
-cardiac dysthymias
-palpitations
-heart failure

What can cause hyponatremia in a client?

-meds (thiazide diuretics)
-water intoxication
-excessive alcohol
-heart, kidney, liver issues (fluid retention)
-severe burns

Hypernatremia can be caused by…

-excessive sweating
-gastroenteritis, severe N/V/D
-prolonged suction
-burns
-impaired thirst
-meds/IVFs
-CKD, DM

Common signs and symptoms of both high and low sodium are…

Lethargy, restless, irritable, confusion, headache, seizures, coma, muscle twitching

To increase or decrease sodium levels, the method should be done slowly True False

TRUE!!!

What are some physical signs of hypocalcemia?

Trousseau’s sign (carpopedal spasm) and Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching ipsilateral)

Anything that causes hyperventilation causes…

Respiratory alkalosis - e.g acute asthma attack, pain, anxiety stress, panic, pregnancy, sepsis, infection trauma, fever

What is the reference range for pH?

7.35-7.45

The reference range for PaCO2 is…

35-45

What is the reference range for HCO3?

21-28

The normal ranges of O2 saturation is..

95-100%

PaO2 expected reference range is…

80-100

What is the formula to finding the Net Fluid Volume?

Net fluid volume = intake - output (May be a negative number)

What can be done when a client is experiencing a transfusion reaction?

-STOP TRANSFUSING -Switch tubing and fluids to normal saline -Stay with client and call MD or RR if needed -Blood and tubing will go to blood bank for testing

What are manifestations of a blood transfusion reaction?

Fever, chills, altered blood pressure, respiratory difficulty, pain chest/abdomen/low back/flank, N/V, skin signs like rash or flushing or edema, jaundice, urine signs like hematuria or oliguria

What are signs of fluid volume overload?

putting edema, HTN, JVD, bounding pulse, crackles in lungs, SOB, weight gain

What are some anticipated changes in assessment in a client who has received IV fluid of 25% albumin?

Increased BP, pulmonary edema?

In regards to blood type, negatives can give to…

Both positive AND negatives blood types

In regards to blood type, positives can give blood to…

ONLY positive blood types!

Who can O- give blood to and receive blood from?

O- can give to anyone (universal donor) but can ONLY receive from O-

What blood type can O+ donate to and receive from?

O+ can give to A+ B+ AB+ O+ and receive from ONLY O- and O+

What is used to remember respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?

ROME Respiratory Opposite ph > PCO2 < alkalosis, ph < PCO2 > acidosis Metabolic Equal ph > HCO3 > alkalosis, ph < HCO3 < acidosis

In clients experiencing respiratory acidosis, what do you monitor?

Monitor closely for a/s of respiratory depression, slow breathing pattern