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Fundamentals Of Nursing > Exm 3 Part 2 > Flashcards

Exm 3 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

A client has high magnesium levels, what risk should the client be put on?

A

Fall risk

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2
Q

In clients with renal issues, what electrolyte imbalance should be monitored?

A

Hyperkalemia

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3
Q

What is the normal range of Potassium??

A

3.5-5.0

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4
Q

The normal range of Sodium is…

A

136-145

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5
Q

What is the normal range of Calcium?

A

9-10.5

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6
Q

The normal range of Magnesium is…

A

1.3-2.1

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7
Q

What are the factors that can cause electrolyte disturbance?

A

Dehydration
Overhydration
Certain meds
Heart, kidney or liver disorders
IV fluids
Feedings (Tube feed, TPN, poor diet)

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8
Q

What are some food examples high in potassium?

A

Baked potato, prune juice, carrot juice, white beans, plain nonfat yogurt, sweet potato, salmon, banana, avocado, spinach

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9
Q

Food examples high in sodium are…

A

Roasted ham, shrimp, frozen pizza, canned soup, vegetable juice, cottage cheese, vanilla pudding

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10
Q

Foods high in calcium are…

A

Cheese, plain nonfat yogurt, milk, orange juice

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11
Q

What are examples of foods high in magnesium?

A

Spinach, pumpkin seeds, black beans, soybeans, cashews, dark chocolate, avocados, tofu, salmon, banana

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12
Q

What must you have enough of in your system for calcium to be absorbed?

A

Vitamin D

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13
Q

What organ does an abnormal potassium level affect?

A

The heart

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14
Q

What does an abnormal sodium level affect?

A

Mental state

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15
Q

You can give potassium via IV push

True
False

A

FALSE!!!
- NEVER give potassium via IV push. It can stop the heart

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16
Q

Causes of hypokalemia can include…

A

-Potassium wasting diuretics (loop, thiazide, osmotic), high PCN, theophylline, amphotericin, chronic laxative
-prolonged N/V/D, excessive sweating
-gastric suctioning
-bowel diversion
-excessive alcohol
-decreased K intake, folic acid deficiency
-diabetic ketoacidosis, CKD

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17
Q

Hypokalemia can be treated by…

A

Replacing potassium with oral supplements (with meals) or IV prep

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18
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia include…

A

Muscle weakness, cardiac dysthymias, constipation, fatigue, hypotension, tetany, rhabdomyolysis

19
Q

Hyperkalemia can be caused by…

A

-potassium sparing diuretics (spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene), NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors
-renal failure
-dehydration
-diabetes mellitus
-trauma/burns
-excessive K intake
-PRBC transfusion
-sepsis, acidosis

20
Q

What is the treatment for Hyperkalemia?

A

Hemodialysis, kayexalare, calcium gluconate, diuretics, resin med

21
Q

A client with Hyperkalemia can experience what signs and symptoms?

A

-N/V
-myalgias/muscle weakness/paralysis
-decreased deep tendon reflexes
-cardiac dysthymias
-palpitations
-heart failure

22
Q

What can cause hyponatremia in a client?

A

-meds (thiazide diuretics)
-water intoxication
-excessive alcohol
-heart, kidney, liver issues (fluid retention)
-severe burns

23
Q

Hypernatremia can be caused by…

A

-excessive sweating
-gastroenteritis, severe N/V/D
-prolonged suction
-burns
-impaired thirst
-meds/IVFs
-CKD, DM

24
Q

Common signs and symptoms of both high and low sodium are…

A

Lethargy, restless, irritable, confusion, headache, seizures, coma, muscle twitching

25
Q

To increase or decrease sodium levels, the method should be done slowly

True
False

A

TRUE!!!

26
Q

What are some physical signs of hypocalcemia?

A

Trousseau’s sign (carpopedal spasm) and Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching ipsilateral)

27
Q

Anything that causes hyperventilation causes…

A

Respiratory alkalosis
- e.g acute asthma attack, pain, anxiety stress, panic, pregnancy, sepsis, infection trauma, fever

28
Q

What is the reference range for pH?

A

7.35-7.45

29
Q

The reference range for PaCO2 is…

A

35-45

30
Q

What is the reference range for HCO3?

A

21-28

31
Q

The normal ranges of O2 saturation is..

A

95-100%

32
Q

PaO2 expected reference range is…

A

80-100

33
Q

What is the formula to finding the Net Fluid Volume?

A

Net fluid volume = intake - output
(May be a negative number)

34
Q

What can be done when a client is experiencing a transfusion reaction?

A

-STOP TRANSFUSING
-Switch tubing and fluids to normal saline
-Stay with client and call MD or RR if needed
-Blood and tubing will go to blood bank for testing

35
Q

What are manifestations of a blood transfusion reaction?

A

Fever, chills, altered blood pressure, respiratory difficulty, pain chest/abdomen/low back/flank, N/V, skin signs like rash or flushing or edema, jaundice, urine signs like hematuria or oliguria

36
Q

What are signs of fluid volume overload?

A

putting edema, HTN, JVD, bounding pulse, crackles in lungs, SOB, weight gain

37
Q

What are some anticipated changes in assessment in a client who has received IV fluid of 25% albumin?

A

Increased BP, pulmonary edema?

38
Q

In regards to blood type, negatives can give to…

A

Both positive AND negatives blood types

39
Q

In regards to blood type, positives can give blood to…

A

ONLY positive blood types!

40
Q

Who can O- give blood to and receive blood from?

A

O- can give to anyone (universal donor) but can ONLY receive from O-

41
Q

What blood type can O+ donate to and receive from?

A

O+ can give to A+ B+ AB+ O+ and receive from ONLY O- and O+

42
Q

What is used to remember respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?

A

ROME
Respiratory Opposite ph > PCO2 < alkalosis, ph < PCO2 > acidosis
Metabolic Equal ph > HCO3 > alkalosis, ph < HCO3 < acidosis

43
Q

In clients experiencing respiratory acidosis, what do you monitor?

A

Monitor closely for a/s of respiratory depression, slow breathing pattern

Fundamentals Of Nursing (2 decks)

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