Exit 2 Flashcards
Types of Warehouses are
Types of Warehouses are
1-Private warehouses
2-Public warehouses
3-Contract (third-party) warehouses
4-All of these
4-All of these
Types of Warehouses are
can be either leased or owned by the firm whose products are stored in it
1-Private warehouses
2-All of these
3-Public warehouses
4-Contract (third-party) warehouses
1-Private warehouses
Types of Warehouses:
Is owned and operated by a firm engaged in the business of offering space and diverse
warehousing services on a “for-hire, as needed.
1-Private warehouses
2-All of these
3-Public warehouses
4-Contract (third-party) warehouses
3-Public warehouses
A public warehouse can take a variety of forms:
Storage for imported goods. The company doesn’t have to pay customs duties and excise taxes until those goods are released and sold to the domestic market.
1-General merchandise warehouse
2- Bonded warehouse
3-Special commodity warehouse
4-Household goods warehouse
2- Bonded warehouse
A public warehouse can take a variety of forms:
Designed for dry products such as coal, sand, and chemicals
1-Special commodity warehouse
2-Bulk storage warehouse
3-Household goods warehouse
4-Bonded warehouse
2- Bulk storage warehouse
A public warehouse can take a variety of forms:
Designed for some agricultural products such as grains, salt, wool, and cotton.
1-Special commodity warehouse
2-Bulk storage warehouse
3-General merchandise warehouse
4-Bonded warehouse
1-Special commodity warehouse
A public warehouse can take a variety of forms:
Intended for storing any kind of products.
1-Special commodity warehouse
2-Bulk storage warehouse
3-Bonded warehouse
4-General merchandise warehouse
4-General merchandise warehouse
s. A public warehouse can take a variety
of forms:
Intended for preserving perishable items such as
grocery store items in a temperature-controlled storage environment.
1-General merchandise warehouse
2- Bonded warehouse
3-Refrigerated (cold storage) warehouse
4-Household goods warehouse
3-Refrigerated (cold storage) warehouse
s. A public warehouse can take a variety of forms:
(e.g., mini-storage facility)—Intended for storage of personal property.
1- Bulk storage warehouse
2-Household goods warehouse
2- Bonded warehouse
3-Refrigerated (cold storage) warehouse
2-Household goods warehouse
Procurement effort depends on the importance of materials
These represent “must-have” or unique items that are essential for meeting product quality requirements and necessary customer services.
1-Commodities
2-Bottleneck products or materials
3-non-critical materials /Nuisance products or materials
4- strategic /Critical products or materials
4- strategic /Critical products or materials
Procurement effort depends on the importance of materials
These are products that can be easily substituted for other alternatives and
are therefore easier for the buyer to obtain potential bargains.
1-strategic /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-non-critical materials /Nuisance products or materials
2-Commodities
Procurement effort depends on the importance of materials
These represent important but low-volume materials that do not require frequent purchases
1-strategic /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-non-critical materials /Nuisance products or materials
3-Bottleneck products or materials
Procurement effort depends on the importance of materials
These include maintenance, repair, and operating supplies (MROs) and other low-value, noncritical products whose sourcing
activities can be repetitive and routine and therefore can be automated.
1-strategic /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-non-critical materials /Nuisance products or materials
4-non-critical materials /Nuisance products or materials
. Procurement effort depends on the importance of materials:
Procurement effort depends on the importance of materials:
Group 1
1-strategic /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-non-critical materials /Nuisance products or materials
Group 2
1-strategic /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-Purchase orders
Group 2
1- Blanket orders /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-Purchase orders
Group 3
1-strategic /Critical products or materials
2-Commodities
3-Bottleneck products or materials
4-e-Procurement
Group 1
. Most common types of order:
uses EDI or the Internet to simplify purchases by replacing paper-based procedures with electronic ones. This gives a fast and efficient method for repeat, or straightforward, orders
1- Contracts
2- Blanket orders
3-e-Procurement
4-Commodities
3-e-Procurement
. Most common types of order:
give a simple system for cheap, standard items, such as stationery. An organization places a single order for all the materials that it will need over some period, such as a year. Then the supplier delivers batches of materials when requested during the year
1- Contracts
2- Blanket orders
3- Purchase orders
4-Commodities
2- Blanket orders
. Most common types of order:
give detailed descriptions of an agreement between an organization and a supplier; they describe exactly the responsibilities, work, and services for each, together with all relevant terms and conditions. Many organizations use contracts instead of purchase orders for extended services, so they sign a contract for a supply of electricity. In the same way, organizations sign a contract for a specific piece of work, such as a construction company building a length of road
1- Sub-contracts:
2- Blanket orders
3- Purchase orders
4- Contracts
4-Contracts
. Most common types of order:
again present the terms and conditions of acquiring materials. They are generally used for buildings or equipment that is returned to the owner after some period of use. You can rent or lease a car, for example, and when you have finished with it, you return it to the owner
1- Sub-contracts:
2- Blanket orders
3- Leases and rental agreements
4- Contracts
3- Leases and rental agreements
. Most common types of order:
when a supplier signs a contract with an organization, it may not do all the
work itself, but prefers to pass on some work to a sub-contractor. Then, there are two
agreements – the contract between the organization and the supplier, and the subcontract between the supplier and sub-contractor. For big projects, there can be several more layers of sub-contracting
1- Sub-contracts:
2- Blanket orders
3- Leases and rental agreements
4- Contracts
1- Sub-contracts:
These costs are composed of three components
s a management accounting
philosophy that includes all supply chain–related costs expected to be incurred throughout the entire life of a product.
1- Acquisition costs
2- Post-ownership costs
3-Total Cost of Ownership
4-Ownership costs
3-Total Cost of Ownership
These costs are composed of three components
Costs associated with the disposal and quality assurance of a product or service
1- Acquisition costs
2- Post-ownership costs
3-Total Cost of Ownership
4-Ownership costs
2- Post-ownership costs
These costs are composed of three components (
Costs associated with the ongoing use of a purchased product or service
1- Acquisition costs
2- Post-ownership costs
3-Total Cost of Ownership
4-Ownership costs
4-Ownership costs
These costs are composed of three components
—Costs associated with the purchase of a product or service.
1- Ownership costs
2- Post-ownership costs
3-Total Cost of Ownership
4- Acquisition costs
4- Acquisition costs
Types of Water Transport
carriers carry large quantities of cheap bulk materials in large holds, such as grain or
ores
1- General cargo
2- Tankers
3- Bulk
4- Ferries
3- Bulk
. Types of Water Transport
carry any liquid, but by far the biggest movements are oil. Because of the economies of scale, these ships are built as big as possible
1- General cargo
2- Tankers
3- Container ships a
4- Ferries
2- Tankers
Types of Water Transport
ships are the standard design, with large holds that carry any type of cargo.Most of these are loaded by crane, although some have side doors that allow vehicles to drive on and off. Many ports around the world do not have facilities to handle the more specialized
ships mentioned below, so these general-purpose vessels are very widely used.
1- Barges
2- Tankers
3- Container ships a
4- General cargo
4-General cargo
Types of Water Transport
are specially designed to carry standard containers and their capacity is commonly rated in TEUs (20-foot equivalent units) or FEUs (40-foot equivalent units). A typical container ship carries around 5000 of these, with larger ones carrying 10,000.
1- Barges
2- Tankers
3-Container ships
4- General cargo
3-Container ships
which are towed behind ocean-going tugs. These are used for shorter routes where
sea conditions are fairly reliable, such as between the USA and Puerto Rico. They have the advantage of being cheaper to run than normal ships.
1- Barges
2- Tankers
3-Container ships
4- Combination ships.
1- Barges
the specialized ships, many other designs are used, oftento allow for dominant patterns of trade. Examples of such combination ships are the RORO/container ships that carry vehicles imported into the USA and return with bulk grain to Japan, and the oil-bulk vessels that carry oil from the Middle East and return carrying ores. One useful combination is passenger/container, as the passengers are ensured priority treatment in ports.
1- Barges
2- Tankers
3-Container ships
4-Combination ships.
4-Combination ships.
Types of Water Transport
Ferries are usually RO-RO (roll-on roll-off) vessels that carry road vehicles over relatively short distances. There are, however, longer RO-RO routes between, say, Europe and America.
1- Barges
2- Ferries
3-Container ships
4-Combination ships.
2- Ferries
These are used when materials cross land on what is essentially a sea journey. The most widely used examples are in the USA, where materials from the Far East cross the
Pacific to the west coast of America, and then travel by rail on land bridges across to ports on
the east coast, before continuing their sea journey to Europe. Two main links are the ‘long
bridge’ in the north between Seattle and Baltimore, and the ‘short bridge’ in the south
between Long Beach and New Orleans
1- Barges
2- Ferries
3- land bridges
4-Combination ships.
3- land bridges
Alternative to containers is ————————————————, where a lorry – or usually just the trailer =is driven onto a train for fast movement over a longer distance.
1- piggy-back transport
2- Ferries
3- land bridges
4-Combination ships.
1- piggy-back transport
refers to journeys that involve two or more different modes of
transport.
1- piggy-back transport
2-Intermodal transport
3- land bridges
4-Combination ships.
2-Intermodal transport
A distribution channel
A company sells its product directly to customers without the involvement of middlemen. Examples include catalog sales through mail order, online sales via the Internet, door-to-door sales through selling agents, and sales at factory outlet malls. This channel is less costly because it avoids middleman markups on products, but it cannot create economies of scale due to limited sales volume to each customer.
1- piggy-back transport
2-Intermodal transport
3- Indirect distribution channel
4- Direct distribution channel
4- Direct distribution channel
A distribution channel
Uses multiple channels to sell the company’s products to wider customer bases and thus increases potential revenue streams. For example, Starbucks sells its coffee at its franchised stores and grocery stores while also selling its coffee via direct mail. Likewise, Walmart sells its products at its worldwide retail stores while also selling its products on the Internet. This channel, however, can create channel conflicts between multiple sales
outlets.
1- Hybrid distribution channel
2-Intermodal transport
3- Indirect distribution channel
4- Direct distribution channel
1- Hybrid distribution channel
A distribution channel
Utilizes various intermediaries such as distributors, wholesalers, brokers, dealers, export trading companies, third-party logistics providers, and retailers. This channel allows the manufacturer to focus on producing goods, although it loses control over sales and distribution. Also, this channel can create an undesirable bullwhip effect and lengthen the company’s market response time.
1- piggy-back transport
2-Intermodal transport
3- Indirect distribution channel
4- Direct distribution channel
3- Indirect distribution channel
A distribution channel
is a way of getting a company’s products into the marketplace either directly or indirectly via intermediaries.
A distribution channel
are used in the standard approach to procurement that we described
above. It is essentially a letter from one organization to another, giving details of the materials it wants to purchase and its conditions of purchase. This is usually a response to a quotation from a qualified supplier, giving the materials it can supply and its conditions of trade.
1- Critical products
2- Blanket orders
3- Purchase orders
4-Commodities
3- Purchase orders
refers to the number of tiers across the supply chain. The supply chain may
be lengthy, with numerous tiers, or it may be short, with just a few tiers
The horizontal structure
refers to the number of suppliers and customers represented within each tier,
as illustrated by Figure.
The vertical structure
one of them is not a part of 3PL market
●Non-asset-based domestic transportation management
●Non-asset-based international transportation management
●Asset-based dedicated contract carriage
●Non Asset-based, valued-added warehousing/distribution service provider
●Non Asset-based, valued-added warehousing/distribution service provider
Alternative types of organization
s see the world as a single market; they usually make standard products for shipment anywhere in the world, using the locations where they can work most effectively
and efficiently. Perhaps the main feature of global organizations is that they try to co-ordinate all their activities as if they supply a single market. Coca-Cola, for example, make the same products around the world, with all operations coordinated to meet demand as efficiently as possible
1- Multinational companies
2- International companies
3-Full local production
4- Global companies
4- Global companies
have facilities in different countries, but their work is really centered In one home country from which they control the activities of all subsidiaries
1- Multinational companies
2- International companies
3-Full local production
4- National organizations
2- International companies
lose the central control and have loosely linked, largely independent companies working in different geographical regions. The separate divisions have more flexibility to adjust operations and products to local needs. Two dominant company structures have divisions organized by geography or product. This is somewhat misleading, as no organization can use either of these exclusively. An organization with geographic divisions still needs some broader co-ordination of each product supply chain, and an organization with product division still needs some regional structure
1- Multinational companies
2- licensing or franchising
3-Full local production
4- National organizations
1- Multinational companies
only work within their home market; if they want a presence in international markets, they export to marketing organizations in foreign countries
1-setting up a local distribution network
2- licensing or franchising
3-Full local production
4- National organizations
4- National organizations
where a local organization makes the products to designs supplied by a foreign company; depending on circumstances, the foreign company might specify a range of procedures for operations, quality, tests, suppliers, and so on
1-setting up a local distribution network
2- licensing or franchising
3-Full local production
4-Customization (postponement) role
2- licensing or franchising
where a local organization makes the products to designs supplied by a foreign company; depending on circumstances, the foreign company might specify a range of procedures for operations, quality, tests, suppliers, and so on
1-setting up a local distribution network
2- licensing or franchising
3-Full local production
4-Customization (postponement) role
2- licensing or franchising
products are still exported to meet demand, but the foreign company increases control of the supply chain by replacing the local marketing company by an owned subsidiary
1-setting up a local distribution network
this needs facilities in the home market, but these can start very small, as seen in ‘postponement’
1-Exporting finished goods
2-Exporting parts and using local assembly and finishing
3-Full local production
4-Customization (postponement) role
2-Exporting parts and using local assembly and finishing
with new manufacturing facilities either built specially or taken over from an existing company. This gives access to local knowledge and is often the only way of getting a presence in a controlled market
1-Exporting finished goods
2-Storage role
3-Full local production
4-Customization (postponement) role
3-Full local production
Ways of reaching foreign markets
using local distributors to market them; the main risk here comes from increasing production to satisfy a demand that depends on the marketing company
1-Exporting finished goods
2-Storage role
3-Consolidation role
4-Customization (postponement) role
1-Exporting finished goods
warehouses played three primary roles in supporting logistics functions:
—Reduces inventory carrying cost and enhances
customer services by delaying the final stage of fabrication, assembly, and distribution until customers actually order specific types of products Using warehouses to reduce transport
costs
1-Household goods role
2-Storage role
3-Consolidation role
4-Customization (postponement) role
4-Customization (postponement) role
Makes long production runs more economical and bridges temporal gaps between demand and supply by making products available for customers on a timely basis
1-Household goods role
2-Storage role
3-Consolidation role
4-Customization (postponement) role
2-Storage role
warehouses played three primary roles in supporting logistics functions:
Reduces total transportation cost by aggregating small orders into large shipments and then taking advantages of economies of scale.
1-Storage role
2-Consolidation role
3-Customization (postponement) role
4-Household goods role
2-Consolidation role
such as oil, fuel, paper, and so on.
1-Spare parts
2-Finished goods
3-Consumables
4-Work in process
3-Consumables
for machinery, equipment, and so on
1-Spare parts
2-Finished goods
3-Consumables
4-Work in process
1-Spare parts
materials that have started, but not yet finished their journey through the production process.
1-Raw materials
2-Finished goods
3-Consumables
4-Work in process
4-Work in process
goods that have finished the process and are waiting to be shipped out to customers .
1-Raw materials
2-Finished goods
3-Consumables
4-Work in process
2-Finished goods
Types of stock:
The materials, parts and components that have been delivered to an organization but are not yet being used.
1-Work in process
2-Finished goods
3-Spare parts
4-Raw materials
4-Raw materials
makes products that customers cannot get from other suppliers.
1- Product differentiation
2- Product flexibility
3- Cost leadership
4- Manufacturer
1- Product differentiation
Michael Porter
makes the same, or comparable, products more cheaply are
1- Cost leadership
2- Product flexibility
3- Product differentiation,
4- Manufacturer
1- Cost leadership
Michael Porter suggested that there are two basic strategies:
1 cost leadership/ product differentiation
2 product differentiation/ location
3 cost leadership/ Product flexibility
4 Product flexibility /cost leadership
1 cost leadership/ product differentiation
Michael Porter suggested that there are two basic strategies:
1 cost leadership/ product differentiation
2 product differentiation/ location
3 cost leadership/ Product flexibility
4 Product flexibility /cost leadership
1 cost leadership/ product differentiation
one of them is a part of 3PL market
●Asset-based domestic transportation management
●Non asset-based international transportation management
●Non asset-based dedicated contract carriage
●Non asset-based, valued-added warehousing/distribution service provider
●Non asset-based international transportation management
