Exfoliative Cytology Flashcards
histology of exfoliated, abraded, or desquamated cells
Cytology
give an example of body fluid that is being removed from the body
Cerebrospinal Fluid
study of cells directly taken from surfaces of excised specimens by touching them to a clean glass slide
Imprint/Abraded Cytology
Most of the preparations of the preparations that we are performing for exfoliative cytology will include the use of __________, ______________, and ____________
slides, smearing, and spreading
it is the microscopic study of desquamated cells from epithelial surfaces
Exfoliative cytology
study of cells that are being removed physically on the body
Exfoliative cytology
5 Purposes of Exfoliative Cytology:
- Assessing cancerous conditions (staging0
- Detection of asymptomatic cancers
- Assessment of female hormonal activity (Sterility & Endocrine disorders)
- Determination of genetic sex - Barr Bodies
- Detects the presence of possible infection
Asymptomatic Cancer example and at what stage it can be diagnosed?
Cervical cancer (stage 3)
Example of a SCREENING test that can identify early if you have this Cervical Cancer
Pap Smear (Papanicolaou Smear)
Determination of Maturation Index (MI) is based on the examination of smears taken from the __________
Lateral Vaginal walls
Material from fluids of the body may be examined either by:
Preparation of Smears
Preparation of Tissue Blocks (Cell Blocks)
8 Various regions of preparing Exfoliative cytology
Vaginal smear
Endometrial & Endocervical smear
Prostatic & Breast secretions
Gastric or Bronchial secretions
Pleural or Peritoneal fluids
Sputum
Smears on urine sediments
Cerebrospinal fluid
In smear preparation, we should make smears from ___________ and should not have?
fresh and moist material on clean slide;
clumps
it is used to put identifiers on the smear (name, age, date, and type of smear)
Diamond pen / lead pencil
Immerse smears ___________ in ___________ by a single uninterrupted motion
Immediately; 95% ethanol
Spray fixatives should be sprayed __________
12 inches or 1 foot away
1 hour is the optimal time to submerge the smear in the fixative to allow _______ , ___________, and _________.
dehydration, adhesion and maximal penetration of the fixative
Smears should be made from fresh material, prepared in the __________ or ___________
doctor’s office or radiology units
The commonly received cytoprep is that of the __________
“thin prep”
__________ is avoided with smears for cytological detection of neoplasia because it change the appearance of the cells
Air drying
These are stained in parallel to sections of the bone marrow core biopsy
Marrow Smears
it is the best (yet flammable) fixative
95% ethanol-ether
it is the routinely used fixative
95% ethanol
if the smears cannot be made immediately, it should be placed in ______________ for all types of effusions and replaced with ____________
50% alcohol: Saccomano’s preservative
Saccomano’s Components
50% ethanol and 2% carbowax
If we are going to store our sample, we will add _______ and refrigerate it in what concentrations?
Pleural/Peritoneal:
Sputum:
Urine, Bronchial, Gastric:
Alcohol;
Pleural/Peritoneal: 50%
Sputum: 70%
Urine, Bronchial, Gastric: 95%
Mailed specimen are air dried for _______ after 2 hours fixation & place in a container
10-15 minutues
If specimen is more than a few drops, Centrifuge at ________________
2,000 rpm (rotations per minute) for 2 minutes
Extra sediment can be used for ___________
Cell block technique
General Processing:
Viscous Specimen (Cervical, Vaginal, Prostate secretion)
Immerse in Ether Alcohol ASAP
General Processing:
Mucoid Specimens (Sputum, Bronchial and Stomach secretions)
Dry smear edges before fixing (to avoid runoff)
General Processing:
Bloody specimens
RBC can be destroyed by adding 2-5 mL of concentrated Acetic acid per 100mL of the specimen
General Processing:
Watery Specimens (Urine, Exudate, Aspirate)
Specimen is centrifuged first, and the sediment is smeared in an albumin, coated glass slide.
_________ is not recommended since it will retain the Orange-Green of the Pap Stain
Albumin
4 Specimens that require adhesives:
- Urinary sediment
- BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage)
- Specimens with proteolytic enzymes (saliva)
- Concentrated sputum
Characteristics of Adhesives:
permeable to both fixative and stain
Examples of good Adhesives:
- Pooled Serum/Plasma
- Celloidin Ether Alcohol
- Leuconostoc Culture
2 major areas of Specimen:
Non-gynecologic specimens
Gynecologic specimens
Gynecologic specimens:
Vaginal and Cervical Specimens
7 Non-Gynecologic specimens:
- Respiratory Specimens
- Gastrointestinal Specimens
- Peritoneal, Pleural, & Pericardial Smears
- Urine
- Breast Secretions
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Prostatic Secretion
4 Respiratory Specimens:
- Sputum
- Bronchial Brushing
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage/ Bronchial Washing
- Bronchial Aspirate
3 Gastrointestinal Specimens:
- Gastric Lavage
- Gastric Brush
- Submucosal Lesion FNA
Sputum:
demonstrate abnormal cells _______ in disease
early
Sputum:
fresh, unfixed, atleast _____ consecutive __________________ sputum
3; early morning
Sputum:
patients unable to produce sputum : ______________ by inhalation of _____________ for ____ minutes
INDUCED SPUTUM; Aerosol solution for 20 minutes
Sputum:
Wide mouthed bottle w/ _____________ fluid
Saccomano’s fluid
3 consecutive samples with _____ hour interval each sample
1 hour
absence of ___________ and __________________ indicate that only saliva was collected
histiocytes & alveolar macrophages
