Exfoliative Cytology

Question 1

histology of exfoliated, abraded, or desquamated cells

Answer 1

Cytology

Question 2

give an example of body fluid that is being removed from the body

Answer 2

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 3

study of cells directly taken from surfaces of excised specimens by touching them to a clean glass slide

Answer 3

Imprint/Abraded Cytology

Question 4

Most of the preparations of the preparations that we are performing for exfoliative cytology will include the use of __________, ______________, and ____________

Answer 4

slides, smearing, and spreading

Question 5

it is the microscopic study of desquamated cells from epithelial surfaces

Answer 5

Exfoliative cytology

Question 6

study of cells that are being removed physically on the body

Answer 6

Exfoliative cytology

Question 7

5 Purposes of Exfoliative Cytology:

Answer 7

• Assessing cancerous conditions (staging0
• Detection of asymptomatic cancers
• Assessment of female hormonal activity (Sterility & Endocrine disorders)
• Determination of genetic sex - Barr Bodies
• Detects the presence of possible infection

Question 8

Asymptomatic Cancer example and at what stage it can be diagnosed?

Answer 8

Cervical cancer (stage 3)

Question 9

Example of a SCREENING test that can identify early if you have this Cervical Cancer

Answer 9

Pap Smear (Papanicolaou Smear)

Question 10

Determination of Maturation Index (MI) is based on the examination of smears taken from the __________

Answer 10

Lateral Vaginal walls

Question 11

Material from fluids of the body may be examined either by:

Answer 11

Preparation of Smears
Preparation of Tissue Blocks (Cell Blocks)

Question 12

8 Various regions of preparing Exfoliative cytology

Answer 12

Vaginal smear
Endometrial & Endocervical smear
Prostatic & Breast secretions
Gastric or Bronchial secretions
Pleural or Peritoneal fluids
Sputum
Smears on urine sediments
Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

In smear preparation, we should make smears from ___________ and should not have?

Answer 13

fresh and moist material on clean slide;
clumps

Question 14

it is used to put identifiers on the smear (name, age, date, and type of smear)

Answer 14

Diamond pen / lead pencil

Question 15

Immerse smears ___________ in ___________ by a single uninterrupted motion

Answer 15

Immediately; 95% ethanol

Question 16

Spray fixatives should be sprayed __________

Answer 16

12 inches or 1 foot away

Question 17

1 hour is the optimal time to submerge the smear in the fixative to allow _______ , ___________, and _________.

Answer 17

dehydration, adhesion and maximal penetration of the fixative

Question 18

Smears should be made from fresh material, prepared in the __________ or ___________

Answer 18

doctor’s office or radiology units

Question 19

The commonly received cytoprep is that of the __________

Answer 19

“thin prep”

Question 20

__________ is avoided with smears for cytological detection of neoplasia because it change the appearance of the cells

Answer 20

Air drying

Question 21

These are stained in parallel to sections of the bone marrow core biopsy

Answer 21

Marrow Smears

Question 22

it is the best (yet flammable) fixative

Answer 22

95% ethanol-ether

Question 23

it is the routinely used fixative

Answer 23

95% ethanol

Question 24

if the smears cannot be made immediately, it should be placed in ______________ for all types of effusions and replaced with ____________

Answer 24

50% alcohol: Saccomano’s preservative

Question 25

Saccomano's Components

Answer 25

50% ethanol and 2% carbowax

Question 26

If we are going to store our sample, we will add _______ and refrigerate it in what concentrations? Pleural/Peritoneal: Sputum: Urine, Bronchial, Gastric:

Answer 26

Alcohol; Pleural/Peritoneal: 50% Sputum: 70% Urine, Bronchial, Gastric: 95%

Question 27

Mailed specimen are air dried for _______ after 2 hours fixation & place in a container

Answer 27

10-15 minutues

Question 28

If specimen is more than a few drops, Centrifuge at ________________

Answer 28

2,000 rpm (rotations per minute) for 2 minutes

Question 29

Extra sediment can be used for ___________

Answer 29

Cell block technique

Question 30

General Processing: Viscous Specimen (Cervical, Vaginal, Prostate secretion)

Answer 30

Immerse in Ether Alcohol ASAP

Question 31

General Processing: Mucoid Specimens (Sputum, Bronchial and Stomach secretions)

Answer 31

Dry smear edges before fixing (to avoid runoff)

Question 32

General Processing: Bloody specimens

Answer 32

RBC can be destroyed by adding 2-5 mL of concentrated Acetic acid per 100mL of the specimen

Question 33

General Processing: Watery Specimens (Urine, Exudate, Aspirate)

Answer 33

Specimen is centrifuged first, and the sediment is smeared in an albumin, coated glass slide.

Question 34

_________ is not recommended since it will retain the Orange-Green of the Pap Stain

Answer 34

Albumin

Question 35

4 Specimens that require adhesives:

Answer 35

- Urinary sediment - BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) - Specimens with proteolytic enzymes (saliva) - Concentrated sputum

Question 36

Characteristics of Adhesives:

Answer 36

permeable to both fixative and stain

Question 37

Examples of good Adhesives:

Answer 37

- Pooled Serum/Plasma - Celloidin Ether Alcohol - Leuconostoc Culture

Question 38

2 major areas of Specimen:

Answer 38

Non-gynecologic specimens Gynecologic specimens

Question 39

Gynecologic specimens:

Answer 39

Vaginal and Cervical Specimens

Question 40

7 Non-Gynecologic specimens:

Answer 40

- Respiratory Specimens - Gastrointestinal Specimens - Peritoneal, Pleural, & Pericardial Smears - Urine - Breast Secretions - Cerebrospinal Fluid - Prostatic Secretion

Question 41

4 Respiratory Specimens:

Answer 41

- Sputum - Bronchial Brushing - Bronchoalveolar Lavage/ Bronchial Washing - Bronchial Aspirate

Question 42

3 Gastrointestinal Specimens:

Answer 42

- Gastric Lavage - Gastric Brush - Submucosal Lesion FNA

Question 43

Sputum: demonstrate abnormal cells _______ in disease

Answer 43

early

Question 44

Sputum: fresh, unfixed, atleast _____ consecutive __________________ sputum

Answer 44

3; early morning

Question 45

Sputum: patients unable to produce sputum : ______________ by inhalation of _____________ for ____ minutes

Answer 45

INDUCED SPUTUM; Aerosol solution for 20 minutes

Question 46

Sputum: Wide mouthed bottle w/ _____________ fluid

Answer 46

Saccomano's fluid

Question 47

3 consecutive samples with _____ hour interval each sample

Answer 47

1 hour

Question 48

absence of ___________ and __________________ indicate that only saliva was collected

Answer 48

histiocytes & alveolar macrophages