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Unit 10 - Respiratory System > Exercises 4 > Flashcards

Exercises 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the large muscular tube which allows air to pass from the nose & mouth to the trachea?

A

pharynx (also called the throat)

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2
Q

Which part of the pharynx is behind the nasal cavity?

A

nasopharynx

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3
Q

Which part of the pharynx is behind the oral cavity?

A

oropharynx

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4
Q

Which part of the pharynx connects the larynx & the oesophagus/trachea?

A

laryngopharynx or hypopharynx

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5
Q

When the air leave the pharynx it passes into the ??

A

larynx or the voice box

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6
Q

Which bone is suspended above the larynx & elevates the larynx during swallowing & speech?

A

hyoid bone - it is the only bone that does not join with any others

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7
Q

What is the large spoon shaped piece of cartilage which drops over the larynx during swallowing?

A

epiglottis - it prevents food & liquids from entering the trachea.

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8
Q

What is the large shield shaped structure that protects the vocal cords?

A

thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

What is the name of the two pairs of mucosal membranes that are stretched across the inside of the larynx?

A

vocal cords or vocal folds

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10
Q

What contains the vocal cords and the medial opening between them thru which air passes?

A

glottis

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11
Q

The larynx goes directly into the ?

A

trachea or the windpipe

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12
Q

When the trachea enters the mediastinum it divides into two tubes called the ?

A

main bronchi - one for each lung

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13
Q

Once inside the lungs the main bronchi divide into what?

A

lobar bronchi (or secondary) 3 in the right lung and 2 in the left

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14
Q

Main bronchi-lobar bronchi - ??

A

segmental bronchi (or tertiary)

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15
Q

Main bronchi-lobar bronchi-segmental bronchi-??

A

bronchioles 1 mm in diameter

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16
Q

Main bronchi-lobar bronchi-segmental bronchi-bronchioles - ??

A

terminal bronchioles 0.5mm in diameter

17
Q

Main bronchi-lobar bronchi-segmental bronchi-bronchioles-terminal bronchioles-??

A

respiratory bronchioles which connect via alveolar ducts to tiny sacs called alveoli (pl alveolus)

18
Q

Each alveolus has a what?? fused to its surface?

A

capillary

19
Q

The shared wall between the capillary & alveolus is the ??

A

respiratory membrane

20
Q

What allows gases to diffuse easily between the alveoli and the bloodstream?

A

the respiratory membrane

21
Q

On the alveolar side of the respiratory membrane the wall consists of 2 types of cells - which ones are the main portals for gas exchange between aveoli & cappillaries?

A

type 1 cells

22
Q

On the alveolar side of the respiratory membrane the wall consists of 2 types of cells - which ones release alveolar fluid?

A

type II cells - the fluid coats the surface between the cells & the air.

23
Q

Within the alveolar fluid is a detergent like substance - what is this called?

A

surfactant - stops the alveolar sticking together.

24
Q

Which lung is smaller so it can accommodate the heart?

A

left

25
Q

The lungs are attached to the chest by the ??

A

pleura

26
Q

What is the name of the area where bronchi, pulm.arteries & veins, bronchial arteries & veins & lymphatics all enter & leave the lung?

A

hilum or root. it is the middle of each lung on the mediastinal surface.

27
Q

Which arteries flow into smaller & smaller arteries following the branches of the bronchial tree and carry deoxygenated blood to the alveoli for gas exchange?

A

the pulmonary arteries - the pulmonary trunk (main pulmonary artery) originates in the right ventricle of the heart.

28
Q

what is the name of the capillaries that surround each individual alveolus?

A

pulmonary capillaries

29
Q

which veins orginate in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

pulmonary veins - these veins join to form larger ones until the pulmonary veins are formed, these enter the left atrium of the heart.

30
Q

Which arteries supply blood for the nutrition of the lung?

A

bronchial arteries - they branch from the thoracic aorta

31
Q

Which veins are formed at the hilum of each lung?

A

bronchial veins - receiving superficial & deep veins corresponding to the branches of the bronchial arteries

Unit 10 - Respiratory System (9 decks)

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