Exercises 4 Flashcards
What is the name of the large muscular tube which allows air to pass from the nose & mouth to the trachea?
pharynx (also called the throat)
Which part of the pharynx is behind the nasal cavity?
nasopharynx
Which part of the pharynx is behind the oral cavity?
oropharynx
Which part of the pharynx connects the larynx & the oesophagus/trachea?
laryngopharynx or hypopharynx
When the air leave the pharynx it passes into the ??
larynx or the voice box
Which bone is suspended above the larynx & elevates the larynx during swallowing & speech?
hyoid bone - it is the only bone that does not join with any others
What is the large spoon shaped piece of cartilage which drops over the larynx during swallowing?
epiglottis - it prevents food & liquids from entering the trachea.
What is the large shield shaped structure that protects the vocal cords?
thyroid cartilage
What is the name of the two pairs of mucosal membranes that are stretched across the inside of the larynx?
vocal cords or vocal folds
What contains the vocal cords and the medial opening between them thru which air passes?
glottis
The larynx goes directly into the ?
trachea or the windpipe
When the trachea enters the mediastinum it divides into two tubes called the ?
main bronchi - one for each lung
Once inside the lungs the main bronchi divide into what?
lobar bronchi (or secondary) 3 in the right lung and 2 in the left
Main bronchi-lobar bronchi - ??
segmental bronchi (or tertiary)
Main bronchi-lobar bronchi-segmental bronchi-??
bronchioles 1 mm in diameter
Main bronchi-lobar bronchi-segmental bronchi-bronchioles - ??
terminal bronchioles 0.5mm in diameter
Main bronchi-lobar bronchi-segmental bronchi-bronchioles-terminal bronchioles-??
respiratory bronchioles which connect via alveolar ducts to tiny sacs called alveoli (pl alveolus)
Each alveolus has a what?? fused to its surface?
capillary
The shared wall between the capillary & alveolus is the ??
respiratory membrane
What allows gases to diffuse easily between the alveoli and the bloodstream?
the respiratory membrane
On the alveolar side of the respiratory membrane the wall consists of 2 types of cells - which ones are the main portals for gas exchange between aveoli & cappillaries?
type 1 cells
On the alveolar side of the respiratory membrane the wall consists of 2 types of cells - which ones release alveolar fluid?
type II cells - the fluid coats the surface between the cells & the air.
Within the alveolar fluid is a detergent like substance - what is this called?
surfactant - stops the alveolar sticking together.
Which lung is smaller so it can accommodate the heart?
left
The lungs are attached to the chest by the ??
pleura
What is the name of the area where bronchi, pulm.arteries & veins, bronchial arteries & veins & lymphatics all enter & leave the lung?
hilum or root. it is the middle of each lung on the mediastinal surface.
Which arteries flow into smaller & smaller arteries following the branches of the bronchial tree and carry deoxygenated blood to the alveoli for gas exchange?
the pulmonary arteries - the pulmonary trunk (main pulmonary artery) originates in the right ventricle of the heart.
what is the name of the capillaries that surround each individual alveolus?
pulmonary capillaries
which veins orginate in the pulmonary capillaries?
pulmonary veins - these veins join to form larger ones until the pulmonary veins are formed, these enter the left atrium of the heart.
Which arteries supply blood for the nutrition of the lung?
bronchial arteries - they branch from the thoracic aorta
Which veins are formed at the hilum of each lung?
bronchial veins - receiving superficial & deep veins corresponding to the branches of the bronchial arteries
