EXERCISE THERAPY - Foundation Flashcards
Definition Exercise Therapy:
Exercise therapy is defined as a regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed to facilitate the patients to recover from diseases and any conditions, which disturb their movement and activity of daily life or maintain a state of well-being (Kotkeet al, 1982)
Define Rehabilitation:
Is a medical or clinical model for treating individuals (Joyce & Lewindon2016).
Define Reconditioning:
Reconditioning is a performance-based model for training athletes following injury. (Joyce & Lewindon2016).
Principles of Rehabilitation (TITS CIA)
Principles of Rehabilitation (TITS CIA)
- Avoid Aggravation
- Timing
- Compliance
- Individualisation
- Specific Sequencing
- Intensity
- Total Patient
What are the 2 Goals of Rehabilitation
- Objective & Measurable.
2. Short to Long Term Goals.
What are the 5 Basic Components of rehabilitation?
- Flexibility & Range of Motion
- Strength & muscular endurance
- Balance, coordination & agility
- Functional Activity
- Performance of physical based activities
What is the role of an ERI?
The ERI is the lead exercise professional within the MDT and will perform clinical assessments on all service users referred for treatment by either a Medical Officer (MO) and/ or Physiotherapist. ERIs will deliver clinically reasoned exercise programmes in either Class Therapy (CT) or as part of an Individual Exercise Programme (IEP).
What are the three key policies for ERI’s?
Key Policies
- StandardsofProficiencyto Practice (SPP) for Exercise Rehabilitation Instructors (ERI). V3.1 . Aug 2021
- Exercise Rehabilitation Instructor Code of Conduct. V1.0 Oct 20
- JSP 950 Part 1Lft2-22-1 (V1.1) Dec 10. Defence Medical Rehabilitation Plan (DMRP)
Define Regional Anatomy?
•Based on the organization of the body into parts/regions.•Emphasis of the regional anatomy is to support the relationship of the systemic anatomy (study of the organ systems).
Describe the anatomical start position?
- Head, eyes and toes directed forward.
* Arms adjacent to the sides with the palms facing anteriorly
- Describe the Principle of Orderly Recruitment.
Motor units are generally activated on the basis of a fixed order of fiber recruitment. This identifies that motor units within a given muscle appear to be ranked.
- Describe the Size Principle:
States that the order of recruitment of motor units is directly related to the size of their motor neuron. Motor units with smaller motor neurons will be recruited first. Because type I motor units have smaller motor neurons, they are the first units recruited in graded movement.
How are muscle actions categorised?
Muscle Action
Static -> Isometric
Dynamic -> Isokinetic & Isotonic -> Concentric Eccentric
Advantages and disadvantages of iso-metric training?
Advantages
1. Can strengthen a muscle without imposing undue stress on injured or surgically repaired structures.
2. Isometrics can be used early in the therapeutic exercise program until motion is permitted.
3. Isometrics can also be used when the muscle is too weak to offer sufficient resistance against gravity or other external forces.
Disadvantages
1. is that strength gains are isolated to no more than 20°to 30°within the angle at which the isometric is performed (10°to 15°on either side of the isometric position)
2. Can impede venous return to the right atrium, thus ↑ blood pressure and reducing cardiac output.
3. Isometrics are not sufficient alone, Isotonic exercises are required.
Describe iso-metric training periods and the optimum exposure time
It is unnecessary for a maximal isometric activity to be performed for more than 5 to 10 s at a time; 6 s is the recommended duration for one maximal isometric exercise.
5 s the tension is 75%
10 s the strength drops to 50%
Describe Eccentric training key points?
An eccentric action can produce 30% more force than concentric activity.
Speed Kills: Early stage ↓ Velocity –End stage ↑ Velocity
What is potentially an everyday activity that demonstrates eccentric control?
- Landing from a Jump
- Running
- Going Down Stairs
Describe Active Assisted:
Combination of voluntary (Active) and passive (Assisted) from an outside source.
Describe Gravity Eliminated:
a. Gravity is probably the most basic external force; we all deal with gravity continuously.
b. Provides constant acceleration of 9.8m/sc.Identifying methods to reduce the effects of gravity can be a useful regression
Why is improving ROM important to an ERI?
Enhancing Range of Movement (ROM) is a basic component of rehabilitation. In fact, it can underpin what we do as ERIs.
”You can’t strengthen a range you are unable to achieve”.
Define Flexibility:
Refers to a musculotendinous unit’s ability to elongate with application of a stretching force.
Define Mobility:
The ease with which an articulation or series of articulations is able to move before being restricted by the surrounding structures
Define Range of Motion (RoM):
Is the amount of mobility of a joint and is determined by the soft-tissue and bony structures in the area
Static Flexibility
Is the range of possible movement about a joint and its surrounding muscles during a passive movement
Dynamic Flexibility
Refers to the available ROM during active movements and therefore requires voluntary muscular actions. Dynamic ROM is generally greater than static ROM.
Passive
Movement is performed by the therapist or a mechanical device or by the patient without active muscle contraction
Active Assistance
Movement is performed by the patient with assistance from therapist, mechanical devices, or the patient using another limb