Exercise Science test 2 Flashcards
What is exercise physiology?
Study of the functional and physiologic responses and
adaptations that occur during and following physical
activity and exercise
Exercise Physiology is concerned with ?
how the systems individually and
collectively respond to acute and chronic bouts of
physical activity and exercise
What led to the development of exercise physiology?
Funding for health-related research, and education programs by NIH
What are Acute Responses?
Changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to a
a single bout of physical activity or exercise.
Systems of the body control the body’s internal environment and
response to increased challenges to homeostasis
Acute responses in the cardiovascular system
Increases in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, and a redirection of blood flow to the working tissues of the body.
Acute responses in the pulmonary system
Increases in air movement into and out of the lungs and increased blood flor through the lungs
Acute responses in the muscular system
Increases in force production, utilization, and production of energy and heat production
Acute responses in the endocrine system
Increases in the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
What are chronic adaptations?
Changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to
repeated regular physical activity and exercise
Chronic adaptations in exercise work to ?
improve functions of the body while
at rest and during exercise
Chronic adaptations depend on
the type and amount of exercise
Chronic adaptations in the cardiovascular system
Increases in stroke volume and cardiac output and decreases in heart rate at the same absolute workload
Chronic adaptations in pulmonary system
Improved air movement into and out of the lungs and increased blood flow through the lungs at the same absolute workload
Chronic adaptations on muscular system
Increased energy production from fat and decreased lactic acid formation at the same absolute workload
Chronic adaptations in endocrine system
Decreased release of epinephrine and norepinephrine at the same absolute workload
Examples of acute adapatations
Muscle soreness and fatigue
Examples of chronic adapatations
Muscle development and increased endurance
What factors affect substrate metabolism?
▪Role of enzymes and hormones
▪ Interaction of fat and carbohydrate utilization
▪ Effects of intensity and duration
What are substrates?
energy source for the cells of the body
What is the crossover point?
when the body receives more of its energy from carbohydrate
rather than fat
What is hypoglycemia?
abnormally low blood glucose levels
Review crossover point image in
Powerpoint
What is insulin? Where is it secreted from?
Insulin is a hormone secreted from pancreatic B (beta) cells. It acts to control elevated plasma glucose. So if insulin is secreted high blood glucose will be regulated.
What is glucagon? Where is it secreted from?
Glucagon is a hormone secreted from pancreatic A (alpha) cells. It acts to control low plasma glucose. So if glucagon is secreted low blood glucose levels will be regulated.