Exercise Science Exam 1 Flashcards
Exercise Science
Academic and scientific discipline that studies human movement and the associated responses and adaptations to movement from a multi-disciplinary perspective
Kinesiology
The study of human movement
Scientific Method
Question, research, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, conclusion, and communication
Exercise
An activity that increases your heart rate
Physical Activity
Any voluntary body movement produced by skeletal muscles, increase energy expenditures above resting levels
Physical Fitness
Set of physical attributes that are either health related, such as body composition and aerobic fitness, or skill related, such as balance and agility
Professional Fields Supporting Exsci
American College of sports medicine (ACSM)
National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA)
Exercise Physiology
Exercise Health + Sport Performance
Clinical Exercise Physiology
Prevention + Rehabilitation
Biomechanics
Clinical + Sport Performance
Nutrition
Exercise + Health
Sport Performance
Psychology
Exercise + Health
Sport Performance
Athletic Training + Sports Medicine
Prevention + Rehabilitation
Motor Control + Learning
Clinical + Sport Performance
Professions
- Pre health professional (Medicine, physician assistant, physical therapy, nursing, chiropractic, and occupational therapy
- Applied Exercise and Sport (strength and conditioning, personal training, coaching, sports science)
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (public health project manager, health informatics, health care administrator)
Test
Tool or instrument for measurement (Oral, written, physical, psychological)
Measurement
Act of assessing results in assigning a value to what is assessed
Evaluation
: Statement of quality, goodness, merit, value, or worthiness, can be formative or summative
Data
Must have data to support or it’s just an opinion
Objective
Certain response
Subjective
Estimated response
Validity
Accuracy
Observed Score
True score-error score
Measurement Error Factors
Participants, testing, scoring
Anatomy
study of the structure of organisms and their parts
Systemic Anatomy
study of different systems of the body
Regional Anatomy
study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body
Gross Anatomy
Structures of the body that are visible to the naked eye (big)
Major Regions
Head (cephalic), neck (cervical), thorax (thoracic), abdomen, pelvis (pelvic), upper extremity, lower extremity
Lymphatic
returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens
Respiratory
Removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood
Digestive
process food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food
Urinary
controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them
Male Reproductive
produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female
Female Reproductive
produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant
Integumentary
Encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors
Skeletal
supports the body, enables movement (with muscular system)
Muscular
Enables movement (with skeletal system), helps maintain body temp.
Nervous
detects and processes sensory info, activates bodily responses
Endocrine
Secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes
Cardiovascular
delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temp in the body
Nervous
Made up of neurons and glia (supporting cells of neuron), function of neurons allows for communication to occur
Muscle
Allow movement, 3 types are cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
Epithelial
Forms boundaries between enviroments, 4 types (simple squamous- one layer, stratified squamous- many layers, simple cubodial-shaped like cubes, simple columnar- looks like columns) function is protection, secretion, and absorption
Connective
Supports, protects, and bonds, made up of gels and fibers
Important Systems in Biomechanics
Muscular and Skeletal
Biomechanics
the study and application of physics and mechanical laws to movement – joint angles, forces, etc
Statistics
Bodies, masses and forces @ rest in equilibrium
Dynamics
Bodies, masses and forces in motion
Temporal Analysis
Uses time as sole basis for analysis
Kinematics
changing (without taking into account forces)
Kinetics
actions of forces in producing or changing the motion of masses
Flexion
a bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment
Extension
opposite of flexion, describing a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
Abduction
motion away from the midline (move away from your body)
Adduction
motion towards the center of the body (ADD on to body)
Inversion
Tilt the sole of the foot toward
Eversion
Away from midline (outward)
Supination
rotation of the forearm or foot so that in the standard anatomical position the palm or sole is facing anteriorly
Pronation
rotation of the forearm or foot so that in the standard anatomical position the palm or sole is facing posteriorly
Mass
quantity of matter in an object (kg)
Force
the pushing or pulling action that one object exerts on another; Force (N) = mass x acceleration
Impulse
when a force is applied to a body, the resulting motion is dependent not only on the magnitude of the force but also the duration; Impulse = Force x time (N x sec)
Work
the rate at which work is done; work (joules) = force x distance
Power
the rate at which work is done; Power (w)=work/time
Inertia
an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at a constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force
Force
the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied
Action + Reaction
whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite on the first
Athletic Trainer
Medical professional who care for active populations
Purpose of Athletic Training
Injury/illness prevention and wellness protection, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, immediate and emergent care, treat and rehabilitation
Common Tasks of Athletic Training
Prevention taping and bracing, fitting and teaching crutch use, casting