Exercise Science Flashcards
Which connective tissue within a muscle pulls on the tendon during contraction?
Perimysium
Which effect is responsible for determining the direction of the reaction during rephosphorylation via the phosphagen system?
Mass action effect
Which sarcomere structure attaches to filaments that contract during concentric contraction?
Z line
Which of the following proprioceptors respond to a change in muscle length?
Muscle Spindles
An athlete contracts the gluteus maximus to enhance the stretch in the hip flexors. Which aspect of the neuromuscular system is being stimulated?
Reciprocal inhibition
Which of these is responsible for the knee-jerk reflex?
Muscle Spindles
Rotational work is a function of which of the following factors?
- Angular displacement
2. Torque
Type IIa muscle fibers are characterized by which of the following?
High anaerobic enzyme content
What method is used to calculate power?
Velocity x F
While skating, which of these hip movements depends on the gluteus maximus for a hockey athlete?
External hip rotation
Which of the following terms refers to increased end-diastolic volume stretching the myocardial fibers resulting in increased systolic injection?
Frank-Starling mechanism
An athlete displaying decreased performance, increased resting heart rate, and altered immune function is likely suffering from which of the following?
Non-functional overreaching
How is the majority of CO2 removed from cells transported for exhalation?
Bicarbonate ions
What motion occurs at the knee during the late support phase of sprinting?
Extension
The calf muscles act as which type of lever when raising the body onto the balls of the feet?
Second Class
“Oxygen uptake” refers to which of the following?
Amount of oxygen consumed by bodily tissues (p.118)
What event will be most limited by drop in cellular pH?
400m dash
A muscle has the maximum force production capability in which of the following scenarios:
Muscle is at resting length
Which of the following activities results in the greatest EPOC?
10 total sets @ 80-90% 1RM
At what age does peak height velocity typically occur?
Ages 12 to 14 p.137
Which of these actions describes transverse plane abduction of the shoulder?
Backhand tennis stroke P. 26
Which joint is stabilized by the following: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor?
Glenohumeral
Which of the following valves prevents blood backflow during diastole?
Semilunares valves
Whichofthefollowingreactionsistheprimarycauseofmetabolicacidosis(i.e.,thedecreaseinintramuscular pH during high-intensity, fatiguing exercise)?
ATP → ADP + Pi + H+
What energy systems produces ATP at the quickest rate?
Phosphagen
Approximately how many net ATP are produced via the oxidative energy system from the metabolism of one glucose molecule?
38
What energy substrate cannot be depleted during extreme exercise intensities or durations
ATP
What substance can be metabolized anaerobically?
Carbohydrates
Approximately how long does it take for detraining to begin in terms of strength adaptations?
4 weeks
What is the first step of General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm Reaction
Which of the following hormones binds to receptors on the cell surface?
Peptide
Which of the following hormones is synthesized from amino acids?
Serotonin
What would you use to define an impulse during a sprint?
Total force x Ground contact period
Which system provides energy for high intensity events lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes?
Fast glycolysis
Which heart chamber experiences the highest increase in wall thickness and volume during aerobic training?
Left Ventricle
Which connective tissue within a muscle pulls on the tendon during contraction?
Perimysium
An athlete looking to decrease lactate accumulation during higher intensity exercise should do what?
Train around or above OBLA
Postural muscles consist primarily of which muscle fiber type?
Type I
Testosterone binds to receptors inside the cell and on the cell surface T/F
True
What is the maximal cardiac output possible during intense activity?
20-22L/m
Hormones only interact with a single receptor T/F
False
Motor units are recruited in selective order based on recruitment threshold and firing rate
Size principle
not a cause of EPOC?
Decreased protein turnover
following principles should be followed to increase bone remodeling?
I. Specificity of loading
II. High-impact activities
III. Progressive overload
Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the electron transport chain?
Oxidative
During ventricular contraction, which valve stops the backflow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid valve (12)
Theoretically, supercompensation occurs during which phase of the GAS?
Resistance phase
What condition may be experienced with a decrease engagement of available range-of-motion in an older person?
Fibrosis
Which of the following tendon insertion locations provides an advantage in speed-dependent sports?
Insertion closer to the joint (23)
At what point is motor unit myelination complete?
Following puberty
With consistent aerobic training, what are the possible adaptations?
Rise in capillary density in muscle fibers (121-122)
The vertical jump is primarily performed in which anatomical plane?
Sagital
following neural adaptations occur as a result of anaerobic training?
I. Increased agonist recruitment
III. Increased firing rate
IV. Decreased inhibitory mechanisms
On an ECG, the P-Wave represents which of the following?
Depolarization of the atria
Fibrous attachments have which of the following characteristics?
Contiguous with muscle sheaths and connective tissues
An increase in muscle contraction rate, force production, and metabolic enzyme activity can be attributed to which ‘flight or fight’ mode hormone?
Catecholamines
neural adaptations occur with chronic resistance training?
I. Increased efficiency
II. Delayed fatigue in contractile mechanisms
IV. Improved synchronization of agonist, synergist, and antagonist muscles
which does not show evidence of promoting serum testosterone increase
Extender rest periods
On an ECG, which of the following represents ventricular repolarization?
T-wave
Which of the following is the most accurate method of measuring intensity?
Blood Lactate Concentration
Which chamber of the heart initially collects blood from the venous system?
Right atrium
The stretch-shortening cycle is influenced by which sensory structure?
Muscle spindles
The left ventricle is responsible for which of the following?
Pumping blood through the body
The deltoid is primarily responsible for which sagittal plane motion?
Flexion
On an ECG, which of the following represents ventricular repolarization?
T wave
The axial skeleton includes which of the following bones?
Vertebral column, coccyx, ribs, sternum
Exchange of nutrients between blood and tissues occurs in which of the following structures?
Capillaries
Among other motions, the external oblique is responsible for which of the following?
Contralateral torso rotation
Which of the following valves prevents blood backflow during diastole?
Semilunar valves
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction that occurs during the contraction phase?
Myosin ATPase
When the glottis is fully open, the alveolar pressure is equal to which of the following?
Atmospheric pressure
Which area of the spine is known to be prone to between 85% to 90% of disk herniations?
L4 to S1
The AV bundle serves which of the following functions?
Conducting electrical impulse to the ventricles
Which muscles aid in inspiration during heavy breathing?
Sternocleidomastoids
The second generation airway passages are known as which of the following?
Bronchi
