Exercise Physiology Introduction Flashcards
What is the difference between physical activity and exercise ?
Physical activity:
Daily bodily movement that is produced by the contracting skeletal muscle and that substantially increases energy expenditure.
Exercise:
A type of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.
Which does the picture represent : physical activity or exercise?
Physical activity
Which does the picture represent : physical activity or exercise?
Exercise
What is the term?
Oneβs ability to execute daily activities with optimal performance , endurance, and strength and able to face potential physical challenges of life
Physical Fitness
What is the term?
The study of effects of exercise on the body through acute (short term) or chronic (long term) adaptations often with the objective of improving the exercise response
Exercise Physiology
What is the term?
Defined as a branch of medicine that includes the science of athletic nutrition and conditioning, preventing and diagnosing athletic injuries and increasing performance .
Sports medicine
What is the term?
The study of numerous aspects of physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic performance that have the common characteristic of movement, and the adaptations that occur as a result of physical activity and regular exercise .
Exercise science
Exercise science broadly includes :
Nutritional , Physiological , Psychological, and Functional Adaptations to movement and sport
What term is often used instead of βExercise Scienceβ?
Kinesiology
The tendency to maintain the relative constancy of a certain variable, even in the face of significant environmental changes is known as _______________________?
Homeostasis
The body maintains constant β£β£β£β£β£:
Body temperature
Blood pressure
Blood glucose
Etc
In order for the body to maintain constancy it needs β¦.? (Hint:6)
- Set point
- Sensor
- Afferent pathway
- Integrating center
- ΩEfferent pathway
- Effector
True or False
Exercise is a disturbance to homeostasis
True
Examples of homeostatic control
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of blood glucose
Cellular homeostasis
What are some challenges the body undergoes during exercise ?
Oxygen delivery
Heat dissipation
Motor control
Substrate delivery
Endurance
Power output
Hormonal responses
What can minimize homeostatic disturbances during exercise ?
Adaptations of physiological systems
Importance of exercise/physical activity ?
Understand that these risk factors can be directly related to physical inactivity so technically one of the leading causes of death globally can occur as a result of inactivity
Understood ππ»
How to understand graphs β¦.
According to the following graph, what is the heart rate of a subject exercising at 50% VO2 max?
A. 120
B. 125
C. 140
D. 150
B.125
Figures below show graphs of minute ventilation VE (l/min) against arterial PCO2 and PO2.
According to the information in these two graphs which of the following will result in greater change in minute ventilation?
A. An increase in PCO2 from 40 mmHg to 43 mmHg
B. A decrease in PO2 from 90 mmHg to 80 mmHg
C. A decrease in PO2 from 100 mmHg to 90 mmHg
D. An increase in PCO2 from 43 mmHg to 44 mmHg
A. An increase in PCO2 from 40 mmHg to 43 mmHg
(8 to 12 ; 4L change)
What is meant by steady state when it comes to homeostasis in exercise ?
Which part of this graph represents a steady state ?
Balance between demands placed on the body and the bodyβs response to those demands.
What is acute exercise ?
What is chronic adaptation ?
+ understand where they are in the graph
Acute Exercise: a single bout of exercise
Chronic adaptation: a physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over a period of weeks or months.
True or False
The changes that occur during chronic adaptation generally improve the bodyβs efficiency at rest and during exercise.
True
Understand this example of adaptation to exercise
NOTE: trained people = chronic adaptations
First, compare SV at rest and exercise between trained and untrained people:
SV in trained > untrained (INCREASED)
Second, compare HR at rest and exercise between trained and untrained people:
HR in trained < untrained (DECREASED)
(Due to the increase in SV, resulting in a maintained CO)
Third, compare CO between trained and untrained people:
Since SV increases and HR decreases in trained people (CO= SV x HR), they cancel each other out and result in a MAINTAINED CO
