Exercise Physiology 4 Review Flashcards
Diabetes Type 1
-lack of insulin
-viral infections
-Monitor glucose before and after PA
Diabetes Type 2
-insulin resistant
-upper body obesity
Diabetes Type 1 Treatment
Insulin injections
5-10%
Diabetes Type 2 Treatment
Exercise
90-95%
Asthma
a respiratory problem characterized by SOB and wheezing
Asthma Diagnosis
- due to bronchiole hyper-responsiveness
- swelling of mucosal cells
- hyper secretion of mucus
- done by using pulmonary functional testing
Asthma prevention and relief
avoid allergens
immunotherapy
medications
- beta2 receptor agonist works on the lungs
Exercise Induced Asthma
- caused by airway narrowing caused by increased exercise
- caused by cold dry air
EIA Management
- decrease salt
- increase caffeine
- meds
COPD
causes reduction in airflow that has a dramatic effect on daily activities
Types of COPD
- Emphysema: irreversible; elastic recoil of alveoli and bronchioles reduced
- Chronic Asthma: decreased ability to exhale “wheezing”
- Bronchitis: persistent production of sputum due to thickened bronchial walls
GOLD Classification
Gold 1: Mild COPD: FEV1 80% predicted
Gold 2: Mod COPD: FEV1 50-79% predicted
Gold 3: Severe COPD: FEV1 30-49% predicted
Gold 4: Very Severe COPD: FEV1 <30% predicted
Dyspnea Scale
Light: barely noticeable
Moderate: bothersome
Mod/sev: very uncomfortable
Most severe: most intense ever experienced
Osteoperosis
- decreased bone mineral density
- increased fracture risk
Type 1 Osteoperosis
- vertebral and distal radius fractures
(50-65yo)
Type 2 Osteoporosis
- hip, pelvis, distal humerus fractures
(70+ yo, 2x more women
Osteoclasts
bone removal
Trabecular
internal lattice structure
Cortical
dense outer portion of bone
Use of Nitroglycerine
-HA prevention
- relieve pain by relaxing smooth muscle in blood vessels
- reduce work imposed on heart by vascular systems
MI
- heart damage ( loss of ventricular muscle)
- due to prolonged occlusion of 1+ coronary arteries
CABG
surgery to bypass blocked artery
PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
- angioplasty
- balloon placed via catheter to open occluded artery
Phases of Cardiac Rehab
Phase 1: In Patient Program
- help transition from cardiac event –> discharge
- pt education, transfers, mobility
Phase 2: Out Patient Program
- begins as soon after discharge
- to help build confidence, decrease risk factors, improve QOL
Phase 3: HEP
- after 8-16wks of phase 2
- less supervision, maybe HITT
Amenorrhea is due to a disruption between what parts of the brain?
hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Dysmenorrhea is due to what?
Prostaglandins
Female Athlete Triad
- low energy availability (eating disorders)
- low bone mineral density
- amenorrhea
What should you avoid when training a diabetic patient?
-hypoglycemic episodes
- injection sites (type 1)
Sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass related to age
muscle mass declines ___% after _____yo
- 1-2%
- 50 yo
Endurance declines after what age
60 yo
Age related VO2 max decline is due to
- decreased max HR
- decreased max SV
- decreased max a-vO2 diff
O2 is an effective ergogenic aid when breathed when
during an endurance event
(no improvements after exercise)
antioxidants
reduce muscle damage from severe eccentric contraction
B-Alanine
buffers acids in muscles
Chromium
enhances amino acid uptake
ergogenic aids
substances that are work producing and are believed to increase performance
Blood doping
- re infusion of RBC to increase hemoglobin and 02 carrying capacity
Autologous Transfusion
subjects own blood
Homologous Transfusion
donors blood
EPO
- natural kidney hormone that stimulates RBC production
- for chemo pts
- increase hematocrit and O2 carrying capacity
Blood Doping increases _____ and O2 carrying capacity, while EPO increases ____ and O2 carrying capacity
blood doping - hemoglobin
EPO - hematocrit
Social Cognitive Theory
interaction btw individual, behavior, and environment
- for understanding behavior
Transtheoretical Model
precontemplation, contemplation, prep, action, maintenance
- for promoting exercise behavior
Health Belief Model
a persons belief on if they are susceptible to a disease or not and their perceptions of the benefits of trying to avoid it
- influences their rediness to act
Self Determination theory
Individuals have 3 needs:
1. self determination/actualization
2. demonstrating competency/mastery
3. relatedness or ability to have meaningful social interactions
Theory of planned behavior
intention to perform a behavior is the primary determinant of behavior
Social Ecological Models
- consider the impact of + connection btw individuals and their environment
