Exercise Physiology

Question 1

What do systolic and diastolic BP tell you about CO and TPR?

Answer 1

Systolic BP - reflects CO more
Diastolic BP - reflects TPR more

Question 2

What is exercise physiology?

Answer 2

The description and explanation of the functional changes brought about by a single or by repeated bouts of exercise often with the objective of improving the exercise response

Question 3

What is the definition of fitness?

Answer 3

The ability to perform muscular work

Question 4

What are the components of exercise?

Answer 4

Neural control
Muscle strength
Range of motion/flexibility
Endurance ability
Body composition

Question 5

How would you test flexibility?

Answer 5

Sit and reach test
Touch your toes

Question 6

How would you test strength?

Answer 6

Handgrip dynamometer to index whole body strength

Question 7

What are the three modes of muscle contraction?

Answer 7

Isotonic
Isometric
Isokinetic

Question 8

What does isotonic muscle contraction involve?

Answer 8

Speed of contraction

Question 9

What does isometric muscle contraction involve?

Answer 9

N of force generated

Question 10

What does isokinetic muscle contraction involve?

Answer 10

Mean torque in Nm
Range of motion

Question 11

What is explosive power?

Answer 11

Upward leap
Broad jump
Rebound leap
Stair climbing test
Wingate tests of anaerobic capacity
- descendent of the match test

Question 12

What are the requirements for aerobic testing?

Answer 12

Must involve large muscle groups
Workload must be measurable and reproducible
Results must be comparable and repeatable
The test must be tolerable in health

Question 13

What is the equation for the Harvard step test?

Answer 13

Duration in seconds x 50 /
Integrated recovery HR

Question 14

What is an incremental test?

Answer 14

When the workload is increased steadily until the individual is no longer able to continue
Treadmill or cycle ergometer
Calculates
- VO2 as it reaches a plateau
- VO2 at anaerobic threshold

Question 15

What is body composition made up of?

Answer 15

% body fat
BMI
Blood lipids

Question 16

How do you measure % body fat?

Answer 16

Skinfold thickness
Underwater weighing
DEXA

Question 17

How do you measure BMI?

Answer 17

Weight in kg / (height in m)2
Waist hip ratios more useful now
< 0.8 - female
< 0.9 - male

Question 18

What are the main principles of training?

Answer 18

Overloading the system
Repetition at approaching max effort
Specificity
Tailored to the individual

Question 19

What adaptations to endurance occur muscles?

Answer 19

Larger and more numerous mitochondria
Capillarisation
Fibre types
Myoglobin

Question 20

What are the differences in changes to heart muscle between endurance training and resistance training?

Answer 20

Endurance - heart muscle wall grows and thickens slightly
Resistance - heart muscle wall thickens but also makes the chamber smaller less room for blood

Question 21

What is the conversation threshold?

Answer 21

70% VO2 max

Question 22

What is the karvonen method?

Answer 22

HR(threshold) = HR(rest) + 0.6(HR(max) - HR(rest))

Question 23

What 3 strategies are used for training?

Answer 23

HR zones
Training lactate tolerance
Interval training

Question 24

What are strategies for strength training?

Answer 24

Progressive resistance exercises
Isokinetics
Isometrics (remember specificity)

Question 25

What are the benefits to training?

Answer 25

reduced BP
Reduction in risk of stroke m/ heart diseases and osteoporosis
Body composition - reduce obesity
Bone density
Psychology