Exercise Physiology 1 Flashcards
The axon carries the electrical messge
a. towards the nerve cell
b. away from the nerve cell
c. to the CNS
d. to/away from none of the above
away from the nerve cell
neurons can be divided into three basic parts
a. cell body, soma, & axon
b. soma, dendrites, & Schwann cell
c. cell body, dendrites, & axon
d. afferent, efferent, & dendrites
cell body, dendrites, & Axon
neurons are negatively chaged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called
a. irritability
b. conductivity
c. action potential
d. resting membrane potential
resting membrane potential
the action potential or nerve impulse is achieved by
a. sodium gates opening & allowing a rapid entry of sodium ions
b. the exit of chloride from the neuron
c. the entry of potassium into the cell
d. none of the above are correct
sodium gates opening & allowing a rapid entry of sodium ions
_______refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus, whereas _____refers to it’s ability to transmit an impulse down it’s axon
a. irritability; conductivity
b. conductivity; irritability
c. contractility; electricity
d. none of tthe above
irritability; conductivity
a ______ neuron sends a communication to a _____ neuron
a. presynaptic; postsynaptic
b. postsynaptic; presynaptic
c. perisynaptic; episynaptic
d. none of the above
presynaptic; postsynaptic
the striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to
a. being multinucleated
b. arrangement of actin & myosin
c. overlap of the I band & the H zone
d. the Z lines
arrangement of actin & myosin
sarcomeres are divided from each other by
a. Z line
b. A bands
c. I bands
d. H zones
Z lines
muscle fibers contract by the shortening of
a. their myofibrils (muscle fibers)
b. their Z line to Z line distance
c. their A bands
d. both a and b
their Z line to Z line distance
the energy for muscular contraction comes from
a. the release of acetylcholine
b. the pulling of actin over the mysoin molecule
c. the breakdown of ATP by myosin ATPase
d. none of the above
the breakdown of ATP by myosin ATPase
muscle fibres with a relatively small number of mitochondria are
a. fst-twitch fibers
b. slow-twitch fibers
c. type III fibers
d. all of the above
fast-twitch fibers
the predominant muscle fiber of non-athlete is
a. type I
b. type IIa
c. Type II
d. none of the above
none of the above
a contraction where a muscle exerts tension but does not shorten in length is an
a. isometric contraction
b. isotonic contraction
c. isokinetic contraction
d. eccentric contraction
isometric contraction
the amount of force generated by a muscle fiber depends primarily on
a. the strength stimulation
b. number of actin/myosin cross bridges in contact
c. a decreased latent period
d. both a and b
the strength stimulation
the amount of force generated by a group of muscles depends on
a. the type and number of motor units recruited
b. the initial length of the muscle
c. the nature of the neural stimulation
d. all of the above
all of the above
muscular contractiosn are stimulated by
a. single twitches
b. alternate twitches
c. summation of twitches
d. none of the above
summation of twitches
when comparing contractile properties of muscle fibers, which characteristic(s) is/are important?
a. maximal force production
b. speed of contraction
c. muscle fiber efficiency
d. all of the above
all of the above
the contraction cycle can continue as long as there is
a. calcium present
b. ATP present
c. ADP present
d. both a and b
both a and b
the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the outside of skeletal muscle (i.e. just below the fascia) is called the
a. epimysium
b. perimysium
c. endomysium
d. basement membrane
epimysium
the two principal contractile proteins found in skeletal muscle are
a. actin & troponin
b. actin & myosin
c. troponin & tropomyosin
d. myosin & tropomyosin
actin & myosin
calcium is stored in muscle within the
a. golgi organs
b. H zone
c. Sarcoplamic reticulum
d. sarcolemma
sarcoplamic reticulum
the trigger to initiate the contractile process in skeletal muscle is
a. potassium binding to myosin
b. calcium biding to tropomyosin
c. calcium binding to troponin
d. ATP binding to the myosin cross-bridges
calcium binding to the troponin
fast-twitch fibers contain a relatively
a. large number of mitochondria & low ATPase activity
b. small number of mitochondria & low ATPase activity
c. small number of mitochondria & high ATPase activity
d. none of the above
small number of mitochondria & high ATPase activity
the motor neuron & all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a _____
a. motor junction
b. motor unit
c. motor end plate
d. motor nerve
motor unit
the site where the motor neuron & muscle cell meet is called the
a. end-plate potential
b. motor unit
c. sarcolemma
d. neuromuscular junction
neuromuscular junction
successful endurance athletes generally possess
a. a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers
b. a high percentage of intermediate fibers
c. a high percentage of fast-twitch fibers
d. an equal precentage of slow-twitch & fast-twitch fibers
a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers
muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to
a. the amount of force generated by muscle during a contraction
b. the length of muscle
c. the amount of energy expended during a contraction
d. none of the above are correct
the length of muscle
