Exercise Phys AS

Question 1

What is VO2 max

Answer 1

He most amount of O2 you can inspire, transport and utilise per minute exhaustive exercise

Question 2

What is OBLA

Answer 2

The exercise intensity where blood lactate concentration reaches 4mmol/l

Question 3

What is lactate threshold

Answer 3

Exercise intensity where blood lactate concentration increases suddenly and dramatically

Question 4

What is blood viscosity

Answer 4

Measures the thickness of bold. A direct measure of how easily blood is able to flow through blood vessels.

Question 5

What is hypertrophy

Answer 5

The growth of muscle cells due to an increase in size of its cells.

Question 6

What is a description of anabolic steroids (pharmacological aid)

Answer 6

Testosterone derivatives that promote protein synthesis from growth and repair of tissues throughout the body .

Question 7

What are the potential benefits of anabolic steroids

Answer 7

Increased muscle mass
Promotes recovery
Able to train at a higher intensity for longer
Able to recover from soft tissue injury’s faster

Question 8

Potential dangers of anabolic steroids

Answer 8

Can cause:
Liver damage or liver cancer
Increased blood pressure
Raised LDL cholesterol
Shrinking of testicles (male)
Reduced sperm count (males)
Breast enlargement (males)
Development of facial hair (females )
Deepening of voice (females )

Question 9

Where may the use of anabolic steroids be seen in sport

Answer 9

Heigh intensity, short duration
Eg weight lifers, sprinters, throwers or power positions in team sports like rugby or NFL

Question 10

Description of EPO (pharmacological aid)

Answer 10

A synthetic version of the hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of of RBC production.

Question 11

What are the potential benefits of EPO

Answer 11

Increased RBC and haemoglobin count
Increased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Increased VO2 max
Delayed OBLA / lactate threshold/ fatigue

Question 12

Potential dangers of EPO

Answer 12

Increased blood viscosity
Decreased blood flow or cardiac output
Increase risk of : blood clots , heart failiure ,stroke
Decreased natural production of EPO by the kidneys.

Question 13

What sport may EPO use be seen In

Answer 13

Endurance sports that rely of the supply of oxygen to the muscles for aerobic respiration
Eg road cycling, distance runners , triathletes.

Question 14

Description of HGH (Parmacological aid)

Answer 14

A synthetic version of the hormone produced by. The pituitary gland to increase muscle mass.

Question 15

Potential benefits of HGH

Answer 15

Increased muscle mass, strength and power
Decreased fat mass
Increased glucose levels
Stimulate bone, cartilage and muscle growth
Can speed up rehabilitation of soft tissue injury.

Question 16

Potential dangers of HGH

Answer 16

Hypertrophy of internal organs
Abnormal bone growth
Bone thickening deformities
Increased risk of: diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer.

Question 17

What sports may the use of HGH be seen

Answer 17

Weightlifting, sprinters, throwers

Question 18

What are hypoxic conditions

Answer 18

A condition where respiring tissue is deprived of equate O2.

Question 19

What Is a exercise mask

Answer 19

A mask work during IHT to stimulate hypoxia.

Question 20

What is buffering capacity

Answer 20

The ability of the body to resist change in pH

Question 21

What is repeated sprint ability (RSA)

Answer 21

The ability to recover and maintain maximum effort during subsequent sprints.

Question 22

What are “game ready “ systems

Answer 22

A system that circulates cold water around an injured joint/ limb while also applying intermittent compression

Question 23

Description of blood doping (physiological aid)

Answer 23

Artificially boosting the RBC count by infusing blood into the body.

Question 24

Potential benefits of blood doping

Answer 24

Increased RBC and haemoglobin count
Increased O2 carrying capacity of the blood
Increased VO2 max
Delayed OBLA/ lactase threshold/ fatigue

Question 25

Potential dangers of blood doping

Answer 25

Increased blood viscosity Decreased blood flow or cardiac output Increased risk of: blood clots, heart failure stroke Increased risk of blood viruses eg hepatitis, HIV .

Question 26

What is energy intake

Answer 26

Total energy/ calories consumed in food and drink

Question 27

What is energy expenditure

Answer 27

The total energy / calories used

Question 28

What is energy balance

Answer 28

The relationship between energy intake and expenditure

Question 29

What is BMR

Answer 29

The lowest rate of energy expenditure (EE) needed to sustain the bodies essential physiological processes at rest after 8 hours sleep and 12 hours of fasting.

Question 30

Simple formula to calculate daily RMR

Answer 30

Weight in calories over/ 22

Question 31

Thermic effect

Answer 31

The energy/ calories use in the process of eating,digesting and absorbing food

Question 32

Metabolic equivalent (MET)

Answer 32

Physiological measure expressing energy expenditure during physical activities.

Question 33

What is resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Answer 33

Same a BMR without 12 hours fasting a 8 hours of sleep. (The amount of calories your body burns while at rest, including the calories needed for low-effort activities like going to the bathroom and getting dressed. )

Question 34

What is lactate

Answer 34

Chemical produced by the body when cells breaks down food for energy without sufficient oxygen.

Question 35

What is aerobic capacity

Answer 35

The ability of the body to inspire, transport and utilise oxygen to perform sustained period of aerobic (sub-maximal) activity

Question 36

What percentage of the diet is carbohydrates

Answer 36

55-60%

Question 37

Where is glycogen stored

Answer 37

In the muscles and iver

Answer 38

In the muscles and liver

Question 39

What % of the diet is protein

Answer 39

10-20%

Question 40

What are proteins used for in the body

Answer 40

Growth and repair they provide very small energy

Question 42

What % of the diet is fat

Answer 42

20-30%

Question 43

What are fats used for

Answer 43

Energy store Insulation Cell membranes (lipids)

Question 44

What are fats especially good for

Answer 44

Low intensity exercise

Question 45

What is is iron (mineral) do important for

Answer 45

The functional unit of haemoglobin

Question 46

What is phosphorus (mineral) important for

Answer 46

Muscle contractions

Question 47

What is vitamin B12 used for

Answer 47

Energy release

Question 48

What is vitamin c important for

Answer 48

Immunity

Question 49

What is the definition of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)

Answer 49

The maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise.

Question 50

What are the four methods of evaluating/ measuring aerobic capacity

Answer 50

The direct gas analysis test (measures vo2 max ) The multistage fitness test The 12 minute cooper run Queens collage step test