Exercise Phys AS Flashcards
What is VO2 max
He most amount of O2 you can inspire, transport and utilise per minute exhaustive exercise
What is OBLA
The exercise intensity where blood lactate concentration reaches 4mmol/l
What is lactate threshold
Exercise intensity where blood lactate concentration increases suddenly and dramatically
What is blood viscosity
Measures the thickness of bold. A direct measure of how easily blood is able to flow through blood vessels.
What is hypertrophy
The growth of muscle cells due to an increase in size of its cells.
What is a description of anabolic steroids (pharmacological aid)
Testosterone derivatives that promote protein synthesis from growth and repair of tissues throughout the body .
What are the potential benefits of anabolic steroids
Increased muscle mass
Promotes recovery
Able to train at a higher intensity for longer
Able to recover from soft tissue injury’s faster
Potential dangers of anabolic steroids
Can cause:
Liver damage or liver cancer
Increased blood pressure
Raised LDL cholesterol
Shrinking of testicles (male)
Reduced sperm count (males)
Breast enlargement (males)
Development of facial hair (females )
Deepening of voice (females )
Where may the use of anabolic steroids be seen in sport
Heigh intensity, short duration
Eg weight lifers, sprinters, throwers or power positions in team sports like rugby or NFL
Description of EPO (pharmacological aid)
A synthetic version of the hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of of RBC production.
What are the potential benefits of EPO
Increased RBC and haemoglobin count
Increased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Increased VO2 max
Delayed OBLA / lactate threshold/ fatigue
Potential dangers of EPO
Increased blood viscosity
Decreased blood flow or cardiac output
Increase risk of : blood clots , heart failiure ,stroke
Decreased natural production of EPO by the kidneys.
What sport may EPO use be seen In
Endurance sports that rely of the supply of oxygen to the muscles for aerobic respiration
Eg road cycling, distance runners , triathletes.
Description of HGH (Parmacological aid)
A synthetic version of the hormone produced by. The pituitary gland to increase muscle mass.
Potential benefits of HGH
Increased muscle mass, strength and power
Decreased fat mass
Increased glucose levels
Stimulate bone, cartilage and muscle growth
Can speed up rehabilitation of soft tissue injury.
Potential dangers of HGH
Hypertrophy of internal organs
Abnormal bone growth
Bone thickening deformities
Increased risk of: diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer.
What sports may the use of HGH be seen
Weightlifting, sprinters, throwers
What are hypoxic conditions
A condition where respiring tissue is deprived of equate O2.
What Is a exercise mask
A mask work during IHT to stimulate hypoxia.
What is buffering capacity
The ability of the body to resist change in pH
What is repeated sprint ability (RSA)
The ability to recover and maintain maximum effort during subsequent sprints.
What are “game ready “ systems
A system that circulates cold water around an injured joint/ limb while also applying intermittent compression
Description of blood doping (physiological aid)
Artificially boosting the RBC count by infusing blood into the body.
Potential benefits of blood doping
Increased RBC and haemoglobin count
Increased O2 carrying capacity of the blood
Increased VO2 max
Delayed OBLA/ lactase threshold/ fatigue
Potential dangers of blood doping
Increased blood viscosity
Decreased blood flow or cardiac output
Increased risk of: blood clots, heart failure stroke
Increased risk of blood viruses eg hepatitis, HIV .
What is energy intake
Total energy/ calories consumed in food and drink
What is energy expenditure
The total energy / calories used
What is energy balance
The relationship between energy intake and expenditure
What is BMR
The lowest rate of energy expenditure (EE) needed to sustain the bodies essential physiological processes at rest after 8 hours sleep and 12 hours of fasting.
Simple formula to calculate daily RMR
Weight in calories over/ 22
Thermic effect
The energy/ calories use in the process of eating,digesting and absorbing food
Metabolic equivalent (MET)
Physiological measure expressing energy expenditure during physical activities.
What is resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Same a BMR without 12 hours fasting a 8 hours of sleep.
(The amount of calories your body burns while at rest, including the calories needed for low-effort activities like going to the bathroom and getting dressed.)
What is lactate
Chemical produced by the body when cells breaks down food for energy without sufficient oxygen.
What is aerobic capacity
The ability of the body to inspire, transport and utilise oxygen to perform sustained period of aerobic (sub-maximal) activity
