exercise obesity and performance enchancing drugs

Question 1

suggest some effects athletes might want a peformance enchancing drug to have on their body?

Answer 1

muscle production
RBC
increased air flow

Question 2

anabolic steroids

Answer 2

used for buiding muscle mass

Question 3

hormones

Answer 3

Stimulate the formation of RBCs or production of growth hormone needed for muscle growth

Question 4

beta 2 agonist

Answer 4

Dilate the airways allowing more air into the lungs

Question 5

hormone agonist

Answer 5

Chemicals which mask or change the action of another hormone

Question 6

diuretics

Answer 6

Stimulate excess urination which athletes may use to eliminate traces of other drugs

Question 7

blood doping

Answer 7

Blood transfusion to increase oxygen carrying capacity

Question 8

stimulants

Answer 8

increase heart rate to make you more alert

Question 9

what are hormones

Answer 9

they are chemical messengers released directly into the blood from the endocrine glands
the hormones produced by these glands are often made in inactive forms or packaged into secretory vesicles from the golgi

Question 10

steroid hormones

Answer 10

Small lipid soluble molecules can freely move through the cell surface membrane
Once the hormone enters the cells it binds to the steroid receptors and forms a hormone-receptor complex
The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and affects transcription

Question 11

peptide hormones

Answer 11

Charged polar molecules bind to the cell surface receptor on the cell surface
Receptor proteins have a specific 3D tertiary structure giving them specific binding sites which are complementary to the hormone molecule
Due to this interaction, second messenger molecules inside the cytoplasm are activated and these directly or indirectly alter the gene

Question 12

erythropoietin

Answer 12

secreted by the kidney
stimulates the stem cells in the bone marrow
increases the RBC count
they may want to inject EP to increase the amount of haemoglobin

Question 13

describe how EPO leads to an increase in the production of RBC’s?

Answer 13

EPO binds to receptors on bone marrow stem cells and activates secondary messengers
Secondary messengers bind to the promoter region on DNA
Genes associated with red blood cells are activated
Proteins like haemoglobin are produced which permanently modify the structure and function of the cell

Question 14

anabolic steroids

Answer 14

Testosterone is steroid hormone which is responsible for the development of the male sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics
It binds to the androgen receptor on cells and increases anabolic reactions
It can pass through the cell surface meaning it is a steroid hormone

Question 15

effects of using anabolic steroids

Answer 15

heart attack
high blood pressure
infertility
liver damage
increase aggression levels

Question 16

absolutists view on drugs

Answer 16

• Hold true in all situations
• Common to all societies
• They think that they should never be used as they damage the body due to side effects
• athletes should compete using their innate anatomical and physiological abilities

Question 17

relativists view on drugs

Answer 17

• Wide variety of ethical beliefs
• What is ‘correct’ in any given situation will depend on the conditions at the time
• They believe that if there is a justifiable outcome – winning a gold medal
• It is a personal choice
• It helps to overcome inequality in training and medical support