EXERCISE CAPACITY TESTING Flashcards
What are 7 risks of exercise testing?
Muscle soreness
diaphoresis
SOB
angina
MI
stroke
death
What is the actual risk of death during exercise testing?
Actual risk of death during exercise testing is very low 0.5/10,000 tests due to appropriate screening and adherence to established methods of conducting the tests
Sub maximal testing
LLGXT- low level graded exercise test
Field testing
other: walk, bike, perform activity (time/distance)
What are important measures to take during an endurance test?
HR, BP, RPE, RR
What are standardized procedures to follow before and after a submaximal test?
-explain procedure
-avoid max activity for 24 hours prior
-avoid these 2-3 hours prior:
–large meal
–nicotine
–caffeine
-repeat submax test
General guidelines of submax test:
warm-up: 2-3 minutes
-measure HR, BP, RPE at regular intervals
–> until the HR reaches a steady state
–> if HR does not reach steady state at end of stage, extend stage by 1 minute
-increase intensity in 0.5 to 2 MET increments
-observe subject for signs and symptoms
cool down: low intensity for >/= 4 minutes
-continue measuring HR, BP, and RPE
Assumptions of a submax exercise test:
-a steady state HR is found for each exercise work rate
-a max HR for a given age is uniform (220-age)
-mechanical efficiency is the same for everyone (VO2 at a given work rate)
-there is a linear relationship between HR and workload
- HR will vary depending on fitness level between subjects at any given workload.
When has it been suggested that submax exercise testing underestimates/overestimates VO2max?
underestimates in untrained individuals
overestimates in trained individuals
Predicted versus performance submaximal exercise testing
Predicted tests
-are submaximal tests that are used to predict maximal aerobic capacity
Performance tests
-measuring the responses to standardized physical activities that are typically encountered in everyday life
What are the advantages of submax testing?
-safer
-controlled pace (participant motivation less of a factor)
-not population specific
-quick assessment
-affordable
-do not need highly trained personnel
-can do mass testing
-don’t need physician supervision (must be symptom and disease free)
Disadvantages of submax testing:
-VO2max is not directly measured (can be 10-20% from true value)
-true max HR is not measured
(220-age has a +/- 15 error range for ppl of same age)
Pros and cons of MAX testing
PROS
-accuracy
CONS
-health risk
-time
-high cost (need metabolic cart)
-personnel (MD supervision required)
Examples of maximal exercise tests:
Bruce-treadmill
-younger fitter
Modified Bruce- treadmill
-elderly, sedentary
-more gradual increase in intensity than Bruce
Balke - peak VO2 in cardiac patients; treadmill
-gradually increase intensity
Naughton - Treadmill
-gradually increase intensity
-1 MET increase per stage
Characteristics of modified bruce protocol
Stage 0: 1.7 mph, 0% grade
Stage 0.5 : 1.7 mph, 5% grade
-generally good correlation with predicted VO2 and measures VO2 based on this test
Characteristics of cycle ergometer testing:
Indicated for:
-balance disorders
-obesity
-MSK problems (can’t WB)
Protocol:
◦ 1 watt = 6.12 kpm/min
◦ Start at 150 kpm/min and increase by 150 kpm/min every 2-3 min
◦ Start at 50 watts and increase by 25 watts every 2-3 min
Male and female Astrand Cycle Rhyming Test instructions:
MALES:
-Start subject at 75 watts for 2-minutes, at 50 revolutions per minute (RPM).
-Progress workload to 100, 125, or 150 watts dependent on age, size, and expected physical condition.
-Your goal is to establish a working submaximal heart rate of 130-170 beats per minute (this heart rate is dependent on age).
-Once you have attained this target heart rate maintain the workload for an additional 5 minutes, while measuring heart rate and blood pressure at each minute.
FEMALES:
-Start subject at 50 watts for 2-minutes, at 50 revolutions per minute (RPM).
-Progress workload to 65, 85, or 100 watts dependent on age, size, and expected physical condition.
-Your goal is to establish a working submaximal heart rate of 130-170
beats per minute (this heart rate is dependent on age).
-Once you have attained this target heart rate maintain the workload for an additional 5 minutes, while measuring heart rate and blood pressure at each minute.
When would you want to perform arm ergometry or air-dyne testing?
-vascular, neuro, or orthopedic impairment of LEs
ARM ERG
-Incremental workloads of 10 – 25 watts for every 2-3 minute
stage
AIR-DYNE (arms alone)
-Starting at .5 Air-Dyne Units and increasing by .5 Units every
2-3 minutes
What populations would you perform MAX exercise testing with?
-males and females in good health
-ages 18-70
-trained and untrained
-pregnant females aged 31 at time of delivery
What three tests are included in the Short Physical Performance Battery?
Static Balance
-feet together, semi-tandem, tandem
Gait Speed
-4 meter test but don’t stop time until 6 meters
Sit to stand
-5TSTS, stop clock when pt is fully vertical
Scores on the SPPB
0-3: severe limitations
4-6: moderate limitations
7-9: mild limitations
10-12: minimal limitations
<6: 5 times more likely to have disability, increases fall risk
What is a test that measures peak VO2 via walking?
Rockport Test
-takes into consideration weight, age, sex, mile walk time in min, HR at the end of the test
-HR at the end of the test should be >120 bpm
** college age individuals: 16-18% over prediction of VO2 in males and 22-23% over prediction in females
VO2 max estimation from submax 1 mile jog for fit college age individuals
VO2 max= 100.5 + 8.344* SEX (0=female;1=male) – 0.1636BODY MASS (kg) – 1.438JOG TIME (min.mile- 1) – 0.1928*HEART RATE (bpm)
SEX
BODY MASS
JOG TIME
HEART RATE
1 Mile RUN/WALK VO2peak estimation
-8.41 (MRW) + .34 (MRW)^2 + .21 (age x sex) - .84 (BMI) + 108.94
Step Test: Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test
3 minute step test
16.25 inch step
R=0.75, SEE 2.9 mlO2/kgmin (standard error of estiimate)
◦ SEE 4.1 mlO2/kgmin
Bench step test
-22 step/min for 3 minutes FEMALE, 24 step/min for 3 min for MALE
-88 bpm metronome FEMALE
-96 bpm MALE
-find pulse after 3 min
-after completion of exercise, wait five seconds and then count heart rate for 15 seconds –> multiply this number x4 (bpm)
VO2 = 65.81 – (0.1847 x HR in bpm) FEMALE
VO2 = 111.3 – (0.42 x HR in bpm)
