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IPFC 3 Midterm 1 > Exercise and Nutrition > Flashcards

Exercise and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are some benefits of exercise related to diabetes

A
  • improve glycemic control
  • decrease insulin resistance
  • limit neuropathy
  • Lower A1C
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2
Q

What type of exercise causes a decrease in BG vs an increase? Why?

A

mild to moderate = dec BG
- due to inc glucose usage and inc insulin sensitivity (up to 48 hours)

intensive activity like sports or marathon = inc BG
- due to inc hepatic glucose production

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3
Q

What pre-exercise assessment for conditions do you look for that can predispose a patient to injury

A
  • Neuropathy (anutonomic and peripheral)
  • Retinopathy
  • Coronary artery disease – Resting ECG and exercise stress test
  • Peripheral arterial disease
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4
Q

What is the pre-exercise assessment for risk of hypoglycemia

A

If BG is less than 5.0 mmol/L = 10-20g CHO before activity
If type 1 diabetes, either prophylactic decrease insulin dose or inc CHO intake
- 10-15g additional CHO/hr for moderate intensity
- 30-60g additional CHO/hr for intensive exercise

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5
Q

What is the pre-exercise assessment for risk of hyperglycemia

A

if BG over 16.7 mmol/L = ensure adequate hydration and monitor for signs of dehydration

if BG over 16.7 & feels ill = test for ketones
- if elevated, avoid physical activity

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6
Q

Is exercise beneficial in type 1 diabetes and type 2?

A

Educate that exercise is really only beneficial for glycemic control in T2DM
For T1, it will help reduce other comorbidities (bones, muscle, cardio)

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7
Q

How much can nutrition therapy reduce A1C by?

A

1-2%

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8
Q

What other effects can nutrition therapy have?

A
  • Glycemic lowering effect
  • Blood pressure lowering effect
  • Improvement in lipid profile
  • Weight management
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9
Q

What should you look out for in nutrition for type 1 vs type 2 diabetes

A

Type 1: encourage matching of insulin to CHO intake
Type 2: Know alternative dietary patterns

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10
Q

What is the minimum carbs for brain to function

A

130g/day

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11
Q

What is the % total energy of the 3 main macronutrient CHO, Protein, Fat

A

CHO
- 45-60%

Protein
15-20% or 1-1.5g/kg

Fat: 20-35%

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12
Q

How much calories per gram is in each macronutrient?
CHO
Protein
Fat

A

CHO: 4cal/g
Protein: 4cal/g
Fat: 9cal/g

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13
Q

What is the handy portion guide control for the following:
Grains and starches/fruits/milk
Vegetables
Meat alternatives
Fat

A

Grains and starches/fruits/milk: fist
Vegetables: 2 hands, as much as possible
Meat & alternatives: palm of hand
Fat: size of the tip of your thumb

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14
Q

Mediterranean diet
A1C
CV benefit
Other advantages
Disadvantages

A

A1C dec
CV benefit: dec CVD
Other advantages:
- Dec retinopathy, BP, CRP
- Inc HDL

Disadvantages: none

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15
Q

Vegetarian diet
A1C
CV benefit
Other advantages
Disadvantages

A

A1C: dec
CV benefit: dec CHD (coronary heart disease)
Other advantages: Dec weight, LDL
Disadvantages: Dec vitamin B12 levels

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16
Q

DASH diet
A1C
CV benefit
Other advantages
Disadvantages

A

A1C: dec
CV benefit: dec CHD
Other advantages: dec weight, LDL, BP, CRP
Disadvantages: none

17
Q

Portfolio diet
A1C
CV benefit
Other advantages
Disadvantages

A

A1C: none
CV benefit: dec CVD
Other advantages: Dec LDL, CRP, BP
Disadvantages: none

18
Q

How would you read a nutritional label

A
  • Always convert to G
  • Subtract Fibre from CHO
  • DV 15%+ = a lot
  • DV < 5% = a little
19
Q

How much G of fibre should you have in a day?

A

30-50g dietary fibre

at least 1/3 from viscous soluble fibre
- delay gastric empty, dec PPG, dec LDL
- oats, barley, psyllium, beans, chickpeas, peas, apples/berries/citrus fruit

20
Q

Define low glycemic index carbs

A

Foods that spike the blood sugar less and maintain satiety for longer

21
Q

What kind of fats should diabetics use?

A

Choose healthy fats AVOID trans-fatty acids

Decrease saturated fatty acids to <9% of energy intake

**replace with POLYunsaturated fatty acids
eg. nuts, canola oil, soybean oil, flaxseed

MONOunsaturated extra virgin olive oil, avocados, whole grains, or low Gi-carbohydrates

22
Q

What is the benefit of weight loss

A

Improved insulin sensitivity
glycemic control
blood pressure control
lipid levels

23
Q

What is the recommendation for alcohol in people with diabetes and without for men and women

A

Same

Women: 2 standard drinks per day or <10 per week
Men: 3 standard drinks per day or <15 per week

24
Q

What effect does alcohol have on patients using insulin?

A

Alcohol may DELAY hypoglycemia up to 24 hours when consumed 2-3 hours after an evening meal
- hypo can occur the next morning
- inhibits gluconeogenesis

25
Q

What should diabetic patients do BEFORE drinking? (4)

A
  • Eat regular meals and take meds
  • check BG levels
  • have fast-acting sugar available to treat a low
  • Ensure someone else knows the signs of hypoglycemia
26
Q

Does glucagon work with alcohol in the body

A

no

27
Q

What should diabetic patients do WHILE drinking?

A
  • Eat CHO rich foods
  • Eat extra CHO rich foods if dancing or doing other PA
  • Pour their own drinks
  • Drink slowly
28
Q

What should diabetic patients do AFTER drinking?

A
  • tell a friend to keep an eye out for symptoms of hypoglycemia
  • Check their BG before going to bed (eat CHO if low before sleep)
  • Set an alarm to wake up throughout the night and early morning
  • Eat breakfast on time the next morning

IPFC 3 Midterm 1 (8 decks)

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