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Ageing > Exercise > Flashcards

Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of ageing ?

A

Normal, pathological and successful

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2
Q

Whats normal ageing ?

A

Genetic decline

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3
Q

Whats pathological ageing ?

A

Accelerated ageing - disease

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4
Q

What is successful ageing ?

A

absence of disease - maintain physical and mental health

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5
Q

What maintains functional reserve ?

A

exercise

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6
Q

Whats ADL ?

A

Activity of daily living

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7
Q

examples of ADL?

A

eating , bathing ..

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8
Q

whats IADL ?

A

independent activity daily living

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9
Q

examples of IADL?

A

driving food prep housework

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10
Q

What is exercise defined as?

A

Physical activity that is planned to maintain health

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11
Q

how does strength loss related to increased falling ?

A

lack of strength - lack of balance

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12
Q

whats causes sarcopenia ?

A

lack of protein and exercise

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13
Q

example of resistance training ?

A

weightlifting

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14
Q

example of aerobic training ?

A

swimming

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15
Q

example of both resistance and aerobic training ?

A

running

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16
Q

what does a low forced vital capacity link to ?

A

lower life expentancy

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17
Q

what does resistance training stimulate?

A

mixed muscle protein synthesis

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18
Q

what is protein synthesis linked to ?

A

hormones , nutrition and mechanical stimuli

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19
Q

whats mTOR ?

A

major regulator of ps

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20
Q

what happens to the mitochondria as you age ?

A

decrease number and function

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21
Q

whats inflammageing ?

A

the chronic systematic inflammation that occurs with ageing

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22
Q

what does adipose tissue produce ?

A

pro inflammatory cytokines and proteins

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23
Q

what effects do cytokines have on muscle catabolism ?

A

autocrine and paracrine

24
Q

what biological effects do ageing and obesity share?

A

increased insulin resistance, ROS, inflammation and stem cell dysfunction

25
Q

whats adipageing?

A

obesity anad ageing

26
Q

whats BAT ?

A

Brown adipose tissue

27
Q

whats FFA

A

free fatty acids

28
Q

what are sirtuins?

A

proteins key for cell survival

29
Q

where is resveratol found ?

A

in red grapes

30
Q

what is cal restriction and resveratol suspected to trigger?

A

sirt1

31
Q

What are supplants classed as ?

A

exogenous - outside the body

32
Q

what are ergogenic acids?

A

anything that improves performance

33
Q

what are dietary aids?

A

replace/enhance nutrition

34
Q

Why does an athletes heart form ?

A

to get o2 to the muscles/ allow muscles to contract to meet exercise demand

35
Q

What is muscle made of ?

A

myosin and actin

36
Q

what influences elderly supplementation?

A

intake, uptake, assimilation and 2nd medical conditions

37
Q

what does insufficient protein do ?

A

incase recovery time

38
Q

what are some essential a.a that could help performance ?

A

branched chain increase ps

39
Q

what does creatine do ?

A

maintain muscle creatine stores - allow you to work out for longer , decreases injury ?

40
Q

what does GH do ?

A

stimulates issue growth, metabolises fatty acids

41
Q

negative effects of GH ?

A

cause insulin resistance , promote cancer growth - sen to hormones

42
Q

what is testosterone classed as ?

A

sex steroid

43
Q

what does thyroid hormones control ?

A

metabolic rate

44
Q

when are GH given?

A

to people with AIDS and anorexia

45
Q

what do pro-hormones do?

A

cause the body to produce more of a certain hormone

46
Q

what is acromegaly caused by ?

A

exceeds GH - heart and kidney issues

47
Q

what might explain the French paradox ?

A

resveratrol

48
Q

what do steroids all have ?

A

cholesterol nucleus

49
Q

how is insulin sensitivity measured ?

A

with a clamp - give them glucose and see how long it takes to return to normal

50
Q

what does a decrease in insulin sensitivity cause ?

A

changes to adipose tissue and inactivity

51
Q

what works in a similar way to exercise ?

A

cal restriction - stirt1 activation ? satellite cells increase?

52
Q

what does metformin do?

A

reduce glucose negenesis, helps muscle take up and use glucose

53
Q

purpose of brown fat?

A

when born - baby can’t shiver- burning brown fat realises more energy - heat

54
Q

what does irisin do ?

A

convert white fat to brown fat as a response to exercise

55
Q

what are myokines ?

A

cytokines produced by muscle

56
Q

what does myostatin do ?

A

makes sure muscle is right shape and size- limits growth

Ageing (3 decks)

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