Exercise

Question 1

What are the 3 types of ageing ?

Answer 1

Normal, pathological and successful

Question 2

Whats normal ageing ?

Answer 2

Genetic decline

Question 3

Whats pathological ageing ?

Answer 3

Accelerated ageing - disease

Question 4

What is successful ageing ?

Answer 4

absence of disease - maintain physical and mental health

Question 5

What maintains functional reserve ?

Answer 5

exercise

Question 6

Whats ADL ?

Answer 6

Activity of daily living

Question 7

examples of ADL?

Answer 7

eating , bathing ..

Question 8

whats IADL ?

Answer 8

independent activity daily living

Question 9

examples of IADL?

Answer 9

driving food prep housework

Question 10

What is exercise defined as?

Answer 10

Physical activity that is planned to maintain health

Question 11

how does strength loss related to increased falling ?

Answer 11

lack of strength - lack of balance

Question 12

whats causes sarcopenia ?

Answer 12

lack of protein and exercise

Question 13

example of resistance training ?

Answer 13

weightlifting

Question 14

example of aerobic training ?

Answer 14

swimming

Question 15

example of both resistance and aerobic training ?

Answer 15

running

Question 16

what does a low forced vital capacity link to ?

Answer 16

lower life expentancy

Question 17

what does resistance training stimulate?

Answer 17

mixed muscle protein synthesis

Question 18

what is protein synthesis linked to ?

Answer 18

hormones , nutrition and mechanical stimuli

Question 19

whats mTOR ?

Answer 19

major regulator of ps

Question 20

what happens to the mitochondria as you age ?

Answer 20

decrease number and function

Question 21

whats inflammageing ?

Answer 21

the chronic systematic inflammation that occurs with ageing

Question 22

what does adipose tissue produce ?

Answer 22

pro inflammatory cytokines and proteins

Question 23

what effects do cytokines have on muscle catabolism ?

Answer 23

autocrine and paracrine

Question 24

what biological effects do ageing and obesity share?

Answer 24

increased insulin resistance, ROS, inflammation and stem cell dysfunction

Question 25

whats adipageing?

Answer 25

obesity anad ageing

Question 26

whats BAT ?

Answer 26

Brown adipose tissue

Question 27

whats FFA

Answer 27

free fatty acids

Question 28

what are sirtuins?

Answer 28

proteins key for cell survival

Question 29

where is resveratol found ?

Answer 29

in red grapes

Question 30

what is cal restriction and resveratol suspected to trigger?

Answer 30

sirt1

Question 31

What are supplants classed as ?

Answer 31

exogenous - outside the body

Question 32

what are ergogenic acids?

Answer 32

anything that improves performance

Question 33

what are dietary aids?

Answer 33

replace/enhance nutrition

Question 34

Why does an athletes heart form ?

Answer 34

to get o2 to the muscles/ allow muscles to contract to meet exercise demand

Question 35

What is muscle made of ?

Answer 35

myosin and actin

Question 36

what influences elderly supplementation?

Answer 36

intake, uptake, assimilation and 2nd medical conditions

Question 37

what does insufficient protein do ?

Answer 37

incase recovery time

Question 38

what are some essential a.a that could help performance ?

Answer 38

branched chain increase ps

Question 39

what does creatine do ?

Answer 39

maintain muscle creatine stores - allow you to work out for longer , decreases injury ?

Question 40

what does GH do ?

Answer 40

stimulates issue growth, metabolises fatty acids

Question 41

negative effects of GH ?

Answer 41

cause insulin resistance , promote cancer growth - sen to hormones

Question 42

what is testosterone classed as ?

Answer 42

sex steroid

Question 43

what does thyroid hormones control ?

Answer 43

metabolic rate

Question 44

when are GH given?

Answer 44

to people with AIDS and anorexia

Question 45

what do pro-hormones do?

Answer 45

cause the body to produce more of a certain hormone

Question 46

what is acromegaly caused by ?

Answer 46

exceeds GH - heart and kidney issues

Question 47

what might explain the French paradox ?

Answer 47

resveratrol

Question 48

what do steroids all have ?

Answer 48

cholesterol nucleus

Question 49

how is insulin sensitivity measured ?

Answer 49

with a clamp - give them glucose and see how long it takes to return to normal

Question 50

what does a decrease in insulin sensitivity cause ?

Answer 50

changes to adipose tissue and inactivity

Question 51

what works in a similar way to exercise ?

Answer 51

cal restriction - stirt1 activation ? satellite cells increase?

Question 52

what does metformin do?

Answer 52

reduce glucose negenesis, helps muscle take up and use glucose

Question 53

purpose of brown fat?

Answer 53

when born - baby can't shiver- burning brown fat realises more energy - heat

Question 54

what does irisin do ?

Answer 54

convert white fat to brown fat as a response to exercise

Question 55

what are myokines ?

Answer 55

cytokines produced by muscle

Question 56

what does myostatin do ?

Answer 56

makes sure muscle is right shape and size- limits growth