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Anatomy And Physiology Practical Lab Exam #2 > Exercise 5 - Introduction To Bone Structure > Flashcards

Exercise 5 - Introduction To Bone Structure Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult human body

A

206

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2
Q

What are sutural bones

A

small, flat bones found within skull sutures
High degree of individual variation in number and size

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3
Q

What are flat bones

A

Thin
Protect underlying structures
Large surface area for tendon and ligament attachment
Eg. cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula

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4
Q

What are long bones

A

Longer than wide
Most common type of bone
Range from very large femur to small phalangeal bones

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5
Q

What are sesamoid bones

A

Small flat bones
Shaped like a sesame seed
Develop inside tendons
Everyone has patellas

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6
Q

What are irregular bones

A

Complex shape with notches and processes
Eg. vertebrae

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7
Q

What are short bones

A

Similar in length and width
Roughly cube-shaped
Eg. carpals and tarsals

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8
Q

What is a foramen

A

Usually a round hole
For blood vessels and nerve passages

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9
Q

What is a process

A

Generally for any projection or poking out

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10
Q

What is a sinus

A

Open chamber within a bone
Usually air-filled

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11
Q

What is a fissure

A

Long, narrow gap

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12
Q

What is a meatus or canal

A

Round channel or tunnel larger than a foramen

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13
Q

What is a groove or sulcus

A

Narrow depression

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14
Q

What is a tubercle

A

Small, rounded process

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15
Q

What is a tuberosity

A

Small rough process

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16
Q

What is a facet

A

Small, almost flat surface
For articulation in a joint

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17
Q

What is a head

A

Large smooth rounded process
For articulation in a joint

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18
Q

What is a trochanter

A

Large rough process

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19
Q

What is a neck

A

Narrow connection between head and rest of the bone

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20
Q

What is a line

A

Very narrow ridge

21
Q

What is a epicondyle

A

Raised area above a condyle

22
Q

What is a condyle

A

Smooth rounded process for articulation in a joint

23
Q

What is a crest

A

Prominent narrow ridge

24
Q

What is a fossa

A

Shallow depression on surface of a bone

25
Q

What is a spine

A

Narrow and pointed processes

26
Q

What is a ramus

A

A branch of bone
Makes an angle to rest of the structure

27
Q

What is articular cartilage

A

Composed of hyaline cartilage
Covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a joint

28
Q

What is spongy bone

A

Cavities of spongy bone house red bone marrow
Site of hematopoiesis (blood formation)

29
Q

What is epiphyseal line

A

Called metaphysics or epiphyseal plate when cartilage is present
Narrow zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
In growing children composed of cartilage and site for lengthening of the bone
Becomes ossified in adults

30
Q

What is the medullary cavity

A

Chamber within diaphysis
Contains yellow bone marrow
Lined with spongy bone

31
Q

What is the endosteum

A

Connective tissue membrane
Lines the medullary cavity

32
Q

What is yellow bone marrow

A

Found in the medullary cavity
Gets its yellow color from an abundance of fat cells

33
Q

What is the periosteum

A

Thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone
Anchored to surface of bone

34
Q

What is the proximal epiphysis

A

Upper end of the long bone
Composed primarily of spongy bone with thin covering of compact bone

35
Q

What is diaphysis

A

Tube-shaped shaft of long bone
Longer than it is wide
Hallow cavity in the center
Composed of both compact and spongy bone

36
Q

What is distal epiphysis

A

Lower end of the long bone
Same composition as proximal epiphysis

37
Q

What is a cancliculi

A

Network of tiny canals that connect lacunae to each other
Allows nutrients to reach osteocytes

38
Q

What is a osteocyte

A

Mature bone cells
Does not produce new matrix
Does remove or rebuild old matrix to maintain mineral levels in blood

39
Q

What is a lacuna

A

Open space between lamellae
Each houses one osteocyte

40
Q

What is an osteon

A

Called an Haversian system
Cylinder shaped unit
Gives compact bone its unique appearance
Consists of rings of lamellae around a central canal

41
Q

What is a lamellae

A

Layer of matrix in compact bone
Lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent lamellae

42
Q

What is circumferential lamellae

A

Layers of matrix found around outer surface of a bone

43
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

Layers of matrix filling the spaces between osteons

44
Q

What is compact bone

A

Matrix is organized into osteons
Resistant to stress
Found in walls of diaphysis

45
Q

What is perforating fibers

A

Also called Sharpey’s fibers
Collagenous fibers
Anchor periosteum to bone surface

46
Q

What does spongy bone look like

A

Canellous bone
Lattice-like appearance
Found in epiphyses lining the medullary canal at each end of the diaphysis and the interior of flat bones

47
Q

What is a osteoclast

A

Giant bone cell
Multi-uncleared
Dissolves and removes the matrix of bones

48
Q

What is a osteoblast

A

Bone cells producing new matrix in bones
Convert to osteocytes when become surrounded by matrix

49
Q

What is trabeculae

A

Matrix arrangement in spongy bone
Lattice-like network
Osteocytes within lacunae scattered throughout
Forms open spaces that house red bone marrow

Anatomy And Physiology Practical Lab Exam #2 (2 decks)

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