Exercise 5 - Introduction To Bone Structure Flashcards
How many bones are in the adult human body
206
What are sutural bones
small, flat bones found within skull sutures
High degree of individual variation in number and size
What are flat bones
Thin
Protect underlying structures
Large surface area for tendon and ligament attachment
Eg. cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula
What are long bones
Longer than wide
Most common type of bone
Range from very large femur to small phalangeal bones
What are sesamoid bones
Small flat bones
Shaped like a sesame seed
Develop inside tendons
Everyone has patellas
What are irregular bones
Complex shape with notches and processes
Eg. vertebrae
What are short bones
Similar in length and width
Roughly cube-shaped
Eg. carpals and tarsals
What is a foramen
Usually a round hole
For blood vessels and nerve passages
What is a process
Generally for any projection or poking out
What is a sinus
Open chamber within a bone
Usually air-filled
What is a fissure
Long, narrow gap
What is a meatus or canal
Round channel or tunnel larger than a foramen
What is a groove or sulcus
Narrow depression
What is a tubercle
Small, rounded process
What is a tuberosity
Small rough process
What is a facet
Small, almost flat surface
For articulation in a joint
What is a head
Large smooth rounded process
For articulation in a joint
What is a trochanter
Large rough process
What is a neck
Narrow connection between head and rest of the bone
What is a line
Very narrow ridge
What is a epicondyle
Raised area above a condyle
What is a condyle
Smooth rounded process for articulation in a joint
What is a crest
Prominent narrow ridge
What is a fossa
Shallow depression on surface of a bone
What is a spine
Narrow and pointed processes
What is a ramus
A branch of bone
Makes an angle to rest of the structure
What is articular cartilage
Composed of hyaline cartilage
Covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a joint
What is spongy bone
Cavities of spongy bone house red bone marrow
Site of hematopoiesis (blood formation)
What is epiphyseal line
Called metaphysics or epiphyseal plate when cartilage is present
Narrow zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
In growing children composed of cartilage and site for lengthening of the bone
Becomes ossified in adults
What is the medullary cavity
Chamber within diaphysis
Contains yellow bone marrow
Lined with spongy bone
What is the endosteum
Connective tissue membrane
Lines the medullary cavity
What is yellow bone marrow
Found in the medullary cavity
Gets its yellow color from an abundance of fat cells
What is the periosteum
Thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone
Anchored to surface of bone
What is the proximal epiphysis
Upper end of the long bone
Composed primarily of spongy bone with thin covering of compact bone
What is diaphysis
Tube-shaped shaft of long bone
Longer than it is wide
Hallow cavity in the center
Composed of both compact and spongy bone
What is distal epiphysis
Lower end of the long bone
Same composition as proximal epiphysis
What is a cancliculi
Network of tiny canals that connect lacunae to each other
Allows nutrients to reach osteocytes
What is a osteocyte
Mature bone cells
Does not produce new matrix
Does remove or rebuild old matrix to maintain mineral levels in blood
What is a lacuna
Open space between lamellae
Each houses one osteocyte
What is an osteon
Called an Haversian system
Cylinder shaped unit
Gives compact bone its unique appearance
Consists of rings of lamellae around a central canal
What is a lamellae
Layer of matrix in compact bone
Lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent lamellae
What is circumferential lamellae
Layers of matrix found around outer surface of a bone
Interstitial lamellae
Layers of matrix filling the spaces between osteons
What is compact bone
Matrix is organized into osteons
Resistant to stress
Found in walls of diaphysis
What is perforating fibers
Also called Sharpey’s fibers
Collagenous fibers
Anchor periosteum to bone surface
What does spongy bone look like
Canellous bone
Lattice-like appearance
Found in epiphyses lining the medullary canal at each end of the diaphysis and the interior of flat bones
What is a osteoclast
Giant bone cell
Multi-uncleared
Dissolves and removes the matrix of bones
What is a osteoblast
Bone cells producing new matrix in bones
Convert to osteocytes when become surrounded by matrix
What is trabeculae
Matrix arrangement in spongy bone
Lattice-like network
Osteocytes within lacunae scattered throughout
Forms open spaces that house red bone marrow
