Exercise 3 Flashcards
The process of glomerular filtration divides the blood into two components. Name the substances that are filterable and those that are nonfilterable.
The two components are referred to as filterable blood components and nonfilterable blood components.
Filterable blood components include water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients and salts (ions).
Nonfilterable blood components include formed elements and the plasma proteins.
Where do the filterable blood components go? Where do the nonfilterable blood components go?
Filterable blood components leave the blood through the capillaries of the glomerulus and enter the proximal convoluted tubule for further processing.
Nonfilterable blood components stay in the capillary and exit the glomerulus in the efferent arteriole.
Where does tubular reabsorption take place? What substances will be reabsorbed and what vessels are they reabsorbed into? What substances will not be reabsorbed and where will they be directed?
Tubular reabsorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Most of the water, nutrients and required salt molecules will be reabsorbed into the blood of the second capillary network called the peritubular capillary network. Some water, most of the nitrogenous wastes and excess salts will remain in the tubule to be directed to the distal convoluted tubule.
5.Tubular secretion takes place between what two structures? What are some of the substances that may be secreted?
The function of the distal convoluted tubule is to deliver its filtrate to the collecting ducts for eventual excretion. However, before doing so, some substances will be forced into this tubule from the blood in the peritubular capillary network. These substances, hydrogen ions, creatinine and drugs, are then part of the composition of urine and will be excreted from the body.
What process takes place in the glomerular capsule and what is the name of the end product produced by this process?
Glomerular filtration takes place in the glomerular capsule. It is here that the small molecules leave the capillaries of the glomerulus forming the glomerular filtrate. The filtrate includes water, salts, nutrients and wastes.
What happens to the components of the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Tubular reabsorption happens in the proximal convoluted tubule. Here most of the water, required salts and nutrients will reenter the blood by moving into the peritubular capillary network.
8.What happens to water and salt in the loop of the nephron
In the loop of the nephron excess water and salts are reabsorbed.
What happens in the distal convoluted tubule?
Substances such as hydrogen ions, creatinine and drugs will leave the blood by active transport and enter the distal convoluted tubule to combine with the tubular fluid for eventual excretion from the body.
What is the function of the collecting ducts?
The collecting ducts collect and transfer the filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis which is continuous with the ureter. The urethra will eventually deliver urine to the outside of the body.
List the three processes involved in urine formation.
The three processes involved in urine formation are:
i) glomerular filtration
ii) tubular reabsorption
iii) tubular secretion
