Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Jonathan's Exercise > Exercise > Flashcards

Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the categories of physical activities we are engaged in?

A

everyday activity, especially manual jobs
active recreation
sports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

The maximal oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is VO2 max a good indicator of?

A

physical aerobic capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much oxygen is dissipate with heat?

A

80%, only 20% goes into doing the exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which major artery is the first to get constricted upon intense exercise

A

splanchnic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the vasodilators involved in heat dissipation

A

metabolic vasodilators from contracting muscles
NO from endothelium
ATP from unsaturated hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is postural hypertension common post-exercise?

A

because the MAP is sharply decreased due to muscular vasodilation. BP cannot keep up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we avoid postural hypertension after exercise

A

raise the legs and hydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do athletes have a slower heart rate?

A

Because the stroke volume is higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F the period of systole gets extended in an athlete

A

False, the diastole increases and slows down the HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do athletes use EPO?

A

although exercise increases blood volume, it also dilutes RBC. EPO can increase RBC amount and increase O2 carrying capacity and CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Trained muscles have increased capillary recruitment

A

True, hence the total delivery of oxygen is enhanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F Oxygen saturation is usually not as efficient at the lung when exercising

A

False, although pulmonary blood flow is faster, the max saturation can still be achieved in most people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F O2 plays a role in ventilation control

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does heat impair exercise capacity

A

dehydration
electrolyte imbalance due to excess sweat
blood diverted to skin rather than muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is type I fibre different to type II fibre

A

type I - higher endurance, higher oxygen capacity

type II - higher force and power output, fatigue prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F You can’t change the amount of type II fibres you have

A

False, it’s just extremely difficult, but it’s much easier the other way around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is the initial increase in muscle strength so quick with resistance exercise

A

You are increasing the amount of nerve innervation and motor unit recruitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the mitochondrial adaptation with exercise?

A

increased mitochondrial density and oxidative enzymes
reduced CHO use and lactate production
increased fat oxidation
improved insulin action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which glucose channel is upregulated on muscles with exercise?

A

GLUT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens when athletes “hit the wall”

A

run out of carbohydrate and only rely on fat

22
Q

Which fuel do we use during sprints

A

creatine

glycolysis

23
Q

Which fuel do we use in endurance exercise?

A

aerobic metabolism of fat or carbohydrate

24
Q

At what intensity is fat oxidation most efficient

A

~50% max intensity (VO2 Max)

25
Q

Why do we use more carbohydrate when we grow older?

A

because the exercise we do is relatively higher in intensity

26
Q

What is fatigue

A

inability to maintain the required or expected force or power output

27
Q

When is fatigue pathological

A

when it manifests at rest

28
Q

What are the feedback signals from the muscles to CNS

A

running out of ATP

build up of H+ and RoS

29
Q

What do we look for on the ECG when putting a cardiac patient on the treadmill for exercise diagnosis

A

ST depression

30
Q

What is the Bruce protocol (modified)?

A

incremental exercise diagnosis, gradually increasing the intensity to avoid premature fatigue

31
Q

What is lactate a byproduct of?

A

glycolysis and also anaerobic metabolism

32
Q

T/F LT is a better endurance predictor than VO2 max

A

True, because it reflects the mitochondrial capacity

33
Q

How do we biochemically define a “fit” person

A

When a person can exercise at high intensity without producing a lot of lactate

34
Q

What does lactate tolerance indicate

A

muscle oxidative capacity

35
Q

What does the VO2 max indicate?

A

the max power output

36
Q

T/F moderate level of exercise is maximally beneficial

A

False, low level of activity gives the sharpest gradient of benefit

37
Q

T/F exercise improves glycaemic control

A

True

38
Q

T/F Combined aerobic and resistance exercise is most beneficial

A

True

39
Q

Why is resistance training beneficial?

A

it increases the amount of muscle, its protein/fat disposal rate and also the amount of GLUT4

40
Q

T/F Genetics play a huge role in determining fitness and major illnesses

A

True, an active person with family history of diabetes has higher chance of getting diabetes than an inactive person with no family history

41
Q

T/F Exercise prescription has a dose response relationship in general

A

True, but there are cases when it isn’t. Some individuals developed insulin resistance with exercise

42
Q

What is the main influence on pharmacokinetics with exercise

A

blood redistribution - more to muscles, less to organs

43
Q

T/F There is more plasma insulin with exercise

A

True, to increase glucose uptake from muscles

44
Q

What are some mechanisms for exercise-induced hypoglycaemia?

A

accelerated insulin absorption
enhancement of insulin action
lack of decline in insulin secretion

45
Q

How does exercise affect GTN uptake?

A

transdermal - with exercise and skin vasodilation, there is increased uptake

46
Q

How does exercise affect salbutamol?

A

there is increased RR, so there is higher bioavailability. Drug effect comes on quickly, but also wears off quickly

47
Q

How does exercise affect warfarin?

A

There is increased binding of warfarin to albumin and increased metabolism. There is decreased warfarin concentration, and less anti-coagulative effect

48
Q

Why is there reduced digoxin effect with exercise?

A

Re-distribution to the muscles, hence diluting the amount of plasma digoxin

49
Q

T/F Propranolol clearance is more dependent on the kidney

A

False, it’s more dependent on the liver. Atenolol is more dependent on the kidney

50
Q

What are some side effects of exercise?

A

sudden cardiac death
bronchospasm
exertional rhabdomyolysis
increased accidental injury

51
Q

Exercising 4 time a week doesn’t reduce the risk of nonsudden death much more than exercising 1 time a week. Why should we exercise 4 times a week then?

A

it reduces the risk of sudden death

Jonathan's Exercise (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions