Exercise 14 Flashcards
Exploitation competition occurs in which of the following situations?
When species share the same limited resource, thus negatively affecting one another indirectly
When species share the same limited resource, thus negatively affecting one another directly
When species thwart each other from using the same limited resource, thus negatively affecting one another directly
When species thwart each other from using the same limited resource, thus negatively affecting one another indirectly
When species share the same limited resource, thus negatively affecting one another indirectly
When can competition become intense?
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When an unshared limited resource becomes scarce
When a shared limited resource becomes scarce
When one species eats another species
When one species makes a limited resource more abundant
When a shared limited resource becomes scarce
Competition is
often asymmetrical.
often symmetrical.
common but not ubiquitous.
uncommon and ubiquitous.
often asymmetrical.
The competitive exclusion principle states which of the following?
If species use the same unlimited resource, they cannot competitively coexist.
If species use the same limited resource, they sometimes competitively coexist.
If species use the same limited resource, they cannot competitively coexist.
If the species use the same limited resource, they always competitively coexist.
If species use the same limited resource, they cannot competitively coexist.
Refer to Figure 14.10 in your textbook.
The figure shows experiments testing the use of a limiting resource (light) on two species of cyanobacteria. Why were both species able to coexist with one another under white light?
White light contains blue light, which is not limiting to the cyanobacteria.
White light contains green light, which was limiting to one of the species.
White light contains purple light, which was limiting to the other species.
White light contains ultraviolet light, which was limiting to the other species.
White light contains green light, which was limiting to one of the species.
Character displacement may favor individuals of competing species, resulting in
resource partitioning, which increases competitive intensity.
resource partitioning, which increases competitive exclusion.
one species being able to coexist with a competitor.
one species being able to outcompete another species.
one species being able to coexist with a competitor.
To incorporate the effects of competition, the logistic equation of one species can be modified by doing which of the following?
Adding a competition coefficient, which is a constant used to indicate the strength of interspecific competition
Subtracting a competition coefficient, which is a constant used to indicate the strength of intraspecific competition
Subtracting a competition coefficient, which is a constant used to indicate the strength of interspecific competition
Subtracting a competition coefficient, which is a constant used to indicate the logistic growth of the other species
Subtracting a competition coefficient, which is a constant used to indicate the strength of interspecific competition
Which of the following is true if competition is occurring between species 1 and species 2, and α = 5?
Each individual of species 2 decreases the growth of species 1 by the same amount as would five individuals of species 1.
Each individual of species 1 decreases the growth of species 2 by the same amount as would five individuals of species 2.
Each individual of species 1 decreases the growth of species 1 by the same amount as would five individuals of species 2.
Each individual of species 2 decreases the growth of species 1 by the same amount as would five individuals of species 2.
Each individual of species 2 decreases the growth of species 1 by the same amount as would five individuals of species 1.
How can herbivores and predators reverse the outcome of competitive interactions?
They feed on the inferior competitor, which releases the superior competitor from competition.
They feed equally on either of the competitors.
They feed on the superior competitor, which releases the inferior competitor from competition.
All of the above
They feed on the superior competitor, which releases the inferior competitor from competition.
How can competition and the physical environment modify the distribution of species?
As we saw with barnacles, when the superior competitor was removed, the inferior competitor expanded its range to less stressful lower intertidal zones.
As we saw with chipmunks, when chipmunk species co-occurred on mountains, there was little overlap in their distributions because of competition.
As we saw with chipmunks, when chipmunk species lived alone on mountains, their distributions expanded to all but the highest mountain elevations.
All of the above
All of the above
How could you increase the number of plant species in a prairie community dominated by one grass species competitor?
Periodically mow the prairie to disturb the grass species.
Periodically mow the prairie to disturb the other plant species.
Remove an herbivore grazer that prefers the grass species.
Remove a competitor species that limits the grass species.
Periodically mow the prairie to disturb the grass species.
Which statement about carnivorous plants is false?
Many carnivorous plants are found only in environments where soils are poor in nutrients.
Carnivorous plants like Venus flytraps occasionally consume relatively large animals, including frogs and slugs.
Carnivorous plants typically have very extensive root systems.
Many pitcher plants have an internal layer of flaky wax that assists in prey capture.
Carnivorous plants typically have very extensive root systems.
A fundamental niche
is always the same as a realized niche.
can only be altered if excess food is available to an organism.
is often not realized because no one species has exclusive access to all the resources within its fundamental niche.
is unrestricted by species–species interactions.
is often not realized because no one species has exclusive access to all the resources within its fundamental niche.
Two species of birds feed on berries. The birds are active at different times of the day and do not come into contact with one another. Nonetheless, the presence of one species limits the survival and reproduction of the other. What type of competition is this?
Interference
Exploitation
Allelopathy
Logistic
Exploitation
The competitive exclusion principle states that the _______ species prevents another species from using essential resources, causing the _______ species to become locally extinct.
smaller; larger
larger; smaller
inferior; dominant
dominant; inferior
dominant; inferior
