Exercise 1 - Directional Terms, Body Planes and Sections, Body Cavities Flashcards
Above/Below: Placement of structure along the long axis of the body.
Superior/Inferior
Nose is superior to the mouth
Abdomen is inferior to the chest
Front/Back
Anterior/Posterior
Face,Chest, Abdomen are anterior
Spine is Posterior to the heart
Toward the midline/Away from the midline or Median Plane
Medial/Lateral
Sternum is medial to the ribs
Ear is lateral to the nose
Toward the head/Toward the tail
Cephalad (cranial)/Caudal
Belly Side/Backside
Ventral/Dorsal
Nearer the trunk or attached end/Farther from the trunk or point of attachment
Proximal/Distal
Toward or at the body surface/Away from the body surface
Superficial (external)/ Deep (internal)
Divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into equal parts right down the midline of the body
Median or Midsagittal Plane
Plane that is longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal Plane (or coronal plane)
Plane runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse Plane
When organs are sectioned along the transverse plane, the sections are commonly called
Cross Sections
Encases the brain
Cranial Cavity
Encloses the spinal cord
Vertebral cavity
Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity are subdivided into the
Dorsal Body Cavity
Dome Shaped Diaphragm that has the heart and lungs
Thoracic Cavity
Houses the stomach, Intestines, Liver and other organs
Abdominal Cavity
Enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum
Pelvic Cavity
Contains the Thoracic Cavity, Abdominopelvic Cavity, Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
Walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered with a very thin, double layered membrane called
Serosa or Serous Membrane
Part of the membrane lining the cavity walls is referred to as
Parietal Serosa
Covering the external surface of the organs within the cavity - membrane
Visceral Serosa
Serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs is the
Peritoneum
Serosa enclosing the lungs is the
Pleura
Serosa around the heart is the
Pericardium
Scheme that divides the abdominal surface and the abdominopelvic cavity into four approximately equal regions is called
Quadrants
Centermost region which includes the umbilicus (naval)
Umbilical Region
Immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach
Epigastric Region
Immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area
Pubic (hypogastric) Region
Lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones
Inguinal or iliac Regions
Between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region
Lateral (Lumbar) Regions
Flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs
Hypochondriac Regions
Cavity that contains the mouth tongue and teeth - continuous with the rest of the digestive tube
Oral Cavity
Located within and posterior to the nose; the cavity is part of the passages of the respiratory system
Nasal Cavity
Cavities in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position
Orbital Cavities
Cavities that contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears
Middle Ear Cavities
Joint Cavities enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body
Synovial Cavities
