Exercise 1 Flashcards
During mitosis each chromosome splits in half. What are the two halves called?
Chromatids
Where does the messenger RNA carry information on order to synthesize proteins?
The ribosome
What are the building blocks of synthesizing (joining) proteins? Building blocks of cells?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins which are the building blocks of cells.
What a molecule called when it has one or more unpaired electrons and is unusually chemically reactive?
Free radical
What photon interactions does not occur under 125 kVp?
Pair production which requires an xray to have 1.02 MeV of energy to produce a positron and electron
Define stochastic effects of radiation.
Cells that survive the initial irradiation but produce a late effect.
Where do the metabolic functions of a cell take place?
Cytoplasm
Which stage of cell division is a cell considered the most radiosensitive?
Metaphase
What may occur when a cells chromosome has been damaged by radiation?
Mutations, cell death, and/or sterilization
What are the stages for somatic mitosis in order?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What makes up the basic structure of a DNA macromolecule?
5 carbon sugars
Why is radiation exposure to the gonads a concern?
Mutations to offspring may result
What is the first most common result of cell irradiation? Second most?
Complete recovery
Sterilization
How much radiation exposure would be needed to have a lethal dose that kills 50% of the expose within 60 days?
300-400R
