Exercise 09 and 10 Flashcards
These are semi-solid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucus membrane.
Ointments
It has active ingredients.
Medicated Ointments
Those are oleaginous, absorption bases, water-removable bases, and water-soluble bases.
Non-Medicated Ointments
Three (3) Main Functions of Non-Medicated Ointments
- Emollient
- Protective
- Vehicle
This has the ability to soften the skin and make the skin pliable. These are substances that soften and moisturize the skin, and mainly, it decreases itchyness and flaking of the skin.
Emollient
By the word itself, it provides protection on the skin. This is used to treat and prevent diaper rash and other minor skin irritations. This works by forming barrier on the skin to protect the skin from the irritant and the moisture.
Protective
The ointment base is carrier.
Vehicle
Other Names of Ointments
• “Unguents”
• “Chrisma”
• “Oculentum”
Classes of Ointment Bases
- Oleaginous Base
- Absorption Base
- Water-Removable Base
- Water-Soluble Base
It is also known as “Hydrocarbon Bases”; A very oily, anhydrous and insoluble in water. It is also difficult to wash. An occlusive and emollient.
Oleaginous Base
Seven (7) Examples of Oleaginous Base
- Petrolatum, USP
- White Petrolatum, USP
- Yellow Ointment, USP
- White Ointment, USP
- Paraffin, NF
- Mineral Oil
- Olive Oil
It is also known as “Yellow Pertrolatum” or “Petroleum Jelly”; A purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. This is an unctuous mass with varying colors from yellowish to light amber.
Petrolatum, USP
Petrolatum, USP melts at __________.
38°C to 60°C
This is the first petroleum jelly.
Vaseline by Chesebrough Ponds
It is also known as “White Petroleum Jelly”; This is mainly for aesthetic purposes. A purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum that has been wholly or nearly decolorized.
White Petrolatum, USP
It is also known as “Simple Ointment”; It is made with yellow wax and yellow petrolatum. It is prepared by melting the yellow wax on waterbath. Once it melts, you can add the yellow petrolatum then mix until congeal.
Yellow Ointment, USP
It is the purified wax that is obtained from the honeycomb of the bee.
Yellow Wax
Formulation of Yellow Ointment, USP
50 g Yellow Wax; 950 g Yellow Petrolatum
Formulation of White Ointment, USP
50 g White Wax; 950 g White Petrolatum
A purified solid hydrocarbon that is also obtained from petroleum.
Paraffin, NF
A mixture of liquid hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum which is useful and levigating of substances that are soluble in the preparation of ointment bases.
Mineral Oil
It is made from crushed olives and is also known as “Sweet Oil”
Olive Oil
Three (3) Examples of Absorption Base
- Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
- Hydrous Wool Fat
- Cold Cream
For emollient, provide minimal occlusive, and this is not easily removed with water. This is more oily compared to Hydrophilic Ointment, USP.
Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
Two (2) Examples of Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP
- Aquaphor
- Aquabase
It is also known as “Lanolin”; This contains 25% - 30% Water.
Hydrous Wool Fat
Anhydrous Wool Fat contains __________ Water.
0.25%
It was from Galen.
Cold Cream
Two (2) Examples of Water-Removable Base
- Hydrophilic Ointment, USP
- Vanishing Cream
It is also known as “Greaseless Base”
Water-Soluble Base
PEGs with mol wt of <600 are __________.
Liquid
PEGs with mol wt of >1000 are __________.
Solid
PEGs with mol wt of bet. 600 to 1000 are __________.
Semi-Solid
Characteristics of Ointment
- Non-Irritating
- Easily Removed
- Non-Staining
- Stable
- Non-pH Dependent
- Widely Compatible
Two (2) Methods of Preparations of Ointments
- Incorporation
- Fusion
