Exemplar Questions Flashcards
What risk factors may contribute to an acute attack of gout at the 1st MTPJ?
Metabolic Syndrome - Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, High Triglyceride Level
Diuretic Medications (Often used to manage hypertension, heart failure, oedema)
Dehydration
High Alcohol Intake
Purine Rich Diet (Seafood, red meat, fruit juices)
What key features should be considered when examining a suspected melanoma?
Asymmetry
Irregular Borders
Non-uniform colour
Diameter of >6mm
Evolution - Has the lesion changed shape, size and/or colour?
Name 5 clinical features of an upper motor neurone lesion
Increased Muscle Tone - Hypertonia or Spastic Paralysis
Reduced Muscle Power - Pyramidal Pattern of Weakness
Positive Babinksi’s Sign/ Plantar Extensor Response
Increased or Clonus Reflexes - Hyperreflexia
Scissored Gait
Name 6 clinical features of a lower motor neurone lesion
Decreased Muscle Tone - Hypotonia
Reduced Muscle Power - In musculature supplied by affected motor nerve/root
Reduced Muscle Bulk - Atrophy of muscles suppled by affected motor nerve/root
Fasiculations
Negative Babinski’s Sign/ Plantar Flexor Response
Reduced or Absent Deep Tendon Reflexes - Hyporeflexia or Areflexia
What neurological conditions are associated with upper motor neurone lesion?
Cerebral Palsy
CVA/ Ischaemic or Haemorrhagic Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury
Parkinson’s disease
Spinal Cord Injury
Multiple Sclerosis
What neurological conditions are associated with lower motor neurone lesions?
Poliomyelitis
HMSN
Spinal muscular atrophy
Bell’s Palsy
What neurological conditions are associated with both upper and lower motor neurone lesions?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
What is the primary function of the spleen?
To filter blood and control the levels of blood cells (thrombocytes, leukocytes and platelets) within the body
A deficiency in what vitamin can cause blindness?
Vitamin A
Which structures are commonly found in the brain of patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease?
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Which is a hallmark feature of asthma in the bronchi?
Mucus hypersecretion
Parkinson’s disease involves the loss of dopaminegeric neurons in which area of the brain?
Substantia Nigra
What process within the lungs is disrupted in cystic fibrosis?
Mucus secretion
The pathophysiological process of glaucoma primarily involves?
Decreased aqueous humor drainage
Deficiency of the dystrophin protein is the primary aetiological factor in what disease?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
