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Microbiology week 8 (FUND) > Exemplar Case of the week intro stuff > Flashcards

Exemplar Case of the week intro stuff Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Normal microbiota/flora

A

Natural microbes found on an individual that do not cause harm

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2
Q

Transient microbiota

A

One’s normal flora is not the same as another’s normal flora and when people touch they are swapping microbiota - these go away and don’t stay around permanently

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3
Q

Resident microbiota

A

These are the bacteria that form a niche in one’s body, they are “residents” meaning they aren’t going anywhere

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4
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

Many species of the normal flora are opportunists in that they take advantage of the host if the immune system is down and cause infection

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5
Q

Frank pathogen

A

A pathogen that affects both normal and immunocompromised individuals and almost always causes disease

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6
Q

Virulence

A

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species “its ability to cause disease”

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7
Q

Dominant normal flora on the skin & morphology

A

Staphylococcus aureus (round)

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8
Q

Dominant normal flora in the nose & morphology

A

Staph aureus (round)

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9
Q

Dominant normal flora in the oropharynx & morphology

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae (round), Haemophilus influenzae (rod)

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10
Q

Dominant normal flora in the dental plaque & morphology

A

Candida albicans (round)

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11
Q

Dominant normal flora in the colon & morphology

A

Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae (E. Coli), Pseudomonas, Candida, Clostridium, Lactobacillus

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12
Q

Dominant normal flora in the vagina & morphology

A

Candida Albicans (round), Group B streptococci (child bearing)

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13
Q

Prevention

A
  • avoid
  • immunization
  • prophylaxis
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14
Q

Treatment

A
  • supportive care
  • decrease severity
  • decrease duration of disease
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15
Q

Cure

A

elimination of disease caused by pathogen

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16
Q

Eradication

A

eliminate pathogen

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17
Q

Endogenous pathogen

A

any of the normal flora causing disease (inside derived)

18
Q

Exogenous pathogen

A

disease resulting from outside origin (viruses, etc.)

19
Q

Antimicrobials may affect the human microbiota how?

A

Can eradicate normal flora (cause yeast infections, etc.)

20
Q

Cocci is what shape?

A

-spherical shape

21
Q

Coccus

A

one

22
Q

Diplo

A

two

23
Q

Tetrad

A

four

24
Q

Strepto

A

chains

25
Q

Staphylo

A

clusters

26
Q

Bacilli is what shape?

A

Rods

  • Bacillus
  • Usually singular, can be found as diplo or in chains/stands&raquo_space; streptobacillus
27
Q

Spirochete

A

very thin with several curves, flexible

28
Q

Spirilla

A

rigid rods with several curves

29
Q

Vibrio

A

short with a single curve

30
Q

Pleomorphic

A

variable shape

31
Q

Differential staining

A

-Distinguishes organisms or structures based on staining properties, cell types
-Gram Stain: Denotes cell-wall composition
Positive (+) = purple ; Negative (-) = pink
-Acid fast staining

32
Q

Components of Gram staining

A
  • Crystal violet
  • Iodine
  • Ethanol
  • Safranin
33
Q

Crystal violet in gram staining does?

A

Turns all cells purple

34
Q

Iodine in gram staining does?

A

as mordant, binds to form a complex with crystal violet. (less lipo penetrate)

35
Q

Ethanol in gram staining does?

A

punches holes in the PM of gram neg and allows complex out

36
Q

Safranin in gram staining does?

A

functions as a counterstain

37
Q

Acid fast stain

A

-Look at organisms with waxy or thick cell walls
If acid fast positive (+) = pink/red
i.e. mycobacterium (thick, resistant, waxy coat)
Acid fast negative (-) = blue

38
Q

Components of acid fast staining

A

Carbolfushin: primary stain
Heat
Phenol: acid alcohol rinse
Methylene blue: Counter stain

39
Q

Gram Positive Cocci Determination

A
  • Catalase test
  • Coagulase test
  • Hemolysis test
40
Q

Catalase test

A

-Positive = bubble catalase present = Staphylococcus
Next perform Coagulase test
-Negative = no bubbles = Streptococcus
Next perform Hemolysis test

41
Q

Coagulase test

A 
Positive = clumping = fibrogenin to fibrin = S. areus 
Negative = no clumping = S. epidermis
42
Q

Hemolysis test

A

Beta hemolysis = plate is clear/dark = full hemolysis = S. pyogenes (Group A)
Alpha hemolysis = plate is yellow/bit opaque = partial hemolysis = S. viridans (Group B)
Gamma hemolysis = no hemolysis has occurred = Entrococcus

Microbiology week 8 (FUND) (9 decks)

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