Executive Function

Question 1

Discovered S1 and M1 via electrical stimulation during brain surgery

Answer 1

Penfield 1937

Question 2

Railway spike through frontal lobe, reported personality change, but sources unreliable

Answer 2

Phineas Gage

Question 3

PFC represents information not in the environment “Mental sketch-pad” - representational knowledge guides thought, action and inhibition

Answer 3

Goldman-Rakic and Fuster

Question 4

Dynamic filtering theory: filtering mechanism enhances goal-directed activations and inhibits irrelevant activations

Answer 4

Shimamaura 2000

Question 5

Integrative theory of PFC: representations act as Attentional templates, providing top-down bias to guide task activity

Answer 5

Miller and Cohen 2001

Question 6

Increased ERP response in frontal lobe with lesion when ignoring auditory clicks

Answer 6

Knight and Grabowecky 1995

Question 7

Subjects don’t know the card rule and it keeps changing - perseveration

Answer 7

Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Question 8

Rostro-caudal axis of PFC supports control hierarchy, posterior-to-anterior PFC mediates higher-order control
Different lesions, different deficits

Answer 8

Badre 2008

Question 9

Hierarchy can be explained by a single layer network

Answer 9

Botvinick and Plaut 2004

Question 10

Perception-Action cycle: direct to brain structure, progressively posterior regions of LFC are responsible for integrating more concrete information

Answer 10

Fuster 1997

Question 11

Management of cognitive processes, WM, planning, reasoning, and execution

Answer 11

Executive Function