Excretory System (part 2)

Question 1

What are the function of tubules?

Answer 1

reabsorption and secretion of various solutes such as ions (sodium), carbohydrates (glucose), and amino acids (glutamate)

Question 2

functions of each segment of nephron

Answer 2

reabsorption of glucose
reabsorption of water
reabsorption of salts
reabsorption of urea

Question 3

What are the different transports of the tubules?

Answer 3

Passive diffusion
Primary Active Transport against the Gradient
Secondary Active transport

Question 4

intercalated cells with mitochondria and involved in acid-base balance and principal cells, which interact with antidiuretic hormone

Answer 4

collecting duct system

Question 5

participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion

Answer 5

collecting duct system

Question 6

participates in the regulation of electrolytes, including chloride, potassium, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate

Answer 6

collecting duct system

Question 7

what are the main functions of the renal system?

Answer 7

serve homeostatic functions
excretion of wastes
hormone secretion
osmolarity regulation
acido-base homeostasis
blood pressure regulation

Question 8

the regulation of electrolytes and the reabsorption of water, proteins, glucose, and amino acids

Answer 8

serve homeostatic functions

Question 9

Normal diuresis

Answer 9

1.5-2L/day

Question 10

diuresis higher than 2L per day

Answer 10

polyuria

Question 11

diuresis lower than 0.5L per day

Answer 11

oliguria

Question 12

diuresis lower than 0.1L per day

Answer 12

anuria

Question 13

include the nitrogenous wastes urea (amonium) from protein catabolism, and uric acid from nucleic acid metabolism

Answer 13

excretion of wastes

Question 14

produce hormone including calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin

Answer 14

hormone secretion

Question 15

hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the release (secretion) of potassium in the kidneys

Answer 15

aldosterone

Question 16

controls the reabsorption of water in the tubules by affecting the tissue’s permeability.

Answer 16

antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin)

Question 17

It plays a key role in homeostasis, and the regulation of water, glucose, and salts in the blood

Answer 17

antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Question 18

any significant rise or drop in plasma osmolality is detected by the

Answer 18

hypothalamus

Question 19

rise or drop in plasma osmolality is secreted by

Answer 19

antidiuretic hormone

Question 20

contribute to acid-base homeostasis by regulating bicarbonate HCO-3 concentration

Answer 20

kidneys

Question 21

increased pH

Answer 21

bicarbonate reabsorption

Question 22

excretion of H+

Answer 22

bicarbonate production

Question 23

decreased pH

Answer 23

bicarbonate secretion

Question 24

kidneys and lungs maintains pH at a stable value

Answer 24

acido-base homeostasis

Question 25

changes in the delivery of sodium and chloride to the distal part of the nephron alter the kidney’s secretion of the enzyme renin

Answer 25

blood pressure regulation

Question 26

when blood pressure is low, juxtaglomerular cells secretes

Answer 26

renin

Question 27

converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin

Answer 27

renin

Question 28

converts angiotensin I to angiontensin II

Answer 28

angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 29

causes blood vessels to constrict resulting in increased blood pressure

Answer 29

angiotensin II

Question 30

stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

Answer 30

angiotensin

Question 31

causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water which increases the volume of fluids in the body which increase blood pressures

Answer 31

aldosterone