Excretory System (part 2) Flashcards
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What are the function of tubules?
reabsorption and secretion of various solutes such as ions (sodium), carbohydrates (glucose), and amino acids (glutamate)
functions of each segment of nephron
reabsorption of glucose
reabsorption of water
reabsorption of salts
reabsorption of urea
What are the different transports of the tubules?
Passive diffusion
Primary Active Transport against the Gradient
Secondary Active transport
intercalated cells with mitochondria and involved in acid-base balance and principal cells, which interact with antidiuretic hormone
collecting duct system
participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion
collecting duct system
participates in the regulation of electrolytes, including chloride, potassium, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate
collecting duct system
what are the main functions of the renal system?
serve homeostatic functions
excretion of wastes
hormone secretion
osmolarity regulation
acido-base homeostasis
blood pressure regulation
the regulation of electrolytes and the reabsorption of water, proteins, glucose, and amino acids
serve homeostatic functions
Normal diuresis
1.5-2L/day
diuresis higher than 2L per day
polyuria
diuresis lower than 0.5L per day
oliguria
diuresis lower than 0.1L per day
anuria
include the nitrogenous wastes urea (amonium) from protein catabolism, and uric acid from nucleic acid metabolism
excretion of wastes
produce hormone including calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin
hormone secretion
hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the release (secretion) of potassium in the kidneys
aldosterone
controls the reabsorption of water in the tubules by affecting the tissue’s permeability.
antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin)
It plays a key role in homeostasis, and the regulation of water, glucose, and salts in the blood
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
any significant rise or drop in plasma osmolality is detected by the
hypothalamus
rise or drop in plasma osmolality is secreted by
antidiuretic hormone
contribute to acid-base homeostasis by regulating bicarbonate HCO-3 concentration
kidneys
increased pH
bicarbonate reabsorption
excretion of H+
bicarbonate production
decreased pH
bicarbonate secretion
kidneys and lungs maintains pH at a stable value
acido-base homeostasis
changes in the delivery of sodium and chloride to the distal part of the nephron alter the kidney’s secretion of the enzyme renin
blood pressure regulation
when blood pressure is low, juxtaglomerular cells secretes
renin
converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin
renin
converts angiotensin I to angiontensin II
angiotensin converting enzyme
causes blood vessels to constrict resulting in increased blood pressure
angiotensin II
stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
angiotensin
causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water which increases the volume of fluids in the body which increase blood pressures
aldosterone
