Excretory products and medical diagnosis 5.2.10 Flashcards
What is the most common urine test?
To look for glucose in the urine
What disease is indicated by glucose in the urine?
Diabetes
What is also suggested by glucose being present in urine?
That there is something wrong with the persons homeostatic control of glucose (in particular with the functioning of insulin)
What are ketones?
Ketones, such as acetone, are produced by the metabolism of people who have diabetes
What does a urine test that contains proteins suggest?
That a persons blood pressure may be too high, or may indicate a kidney infection and something is wrong with their blood filtration mechanism
What does a positive test for nitrate ions in urine indicate?
That a person has bacterial infection in the urinary tract
What are urine samples commonly used in?
Pregnancy tests
What do pregnancy tests contain
Monoclonal antibodies that are specific to hCG, which is produced during pregnancy
What is hCG
Human chlorionic gonadotropin - which is secreted by the early embryo after it has implanted in the uterus
How are false results minimised in pregnancy tests
The antibodies in testing sticks all originate from a single clone of B lymphocyte cells that all produce the same antibody specific to hCG
How are anabolic steroids in urine detected?
Via gas chromatography or mass spectrometry
Who is regularly tested for anabolic steroids and why?
Athletes as these can be used to rapidly build muscle mass by stimulating protein synthesis
