Excretion Flashcards
Define Metabolism
All Chemical Reactions that Take Place Inside Living Cells
What are the metabolic reactions that take place in plants?
Aerobic respiration
Photosynthesis
What is aerobic respiration?
The Breakdown of Glucose to release Energy in Cells in the Presence of Oxygen to Produce Carbon Dioxide and Water (and Energy)
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
What is photosynthesis?
Conversion of Light Energy from the Sun into Chemical Energy by Chlorophyll such as Glucose, which is then stored as Starch
Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
Define excretion
Removal of Waste Products from Metabolism
Explain what the lungs excrete
Carbon Dioxide
The Lung will Excrete Carbon Dioxide as a Waste Product of Aerobic Respiration During Exhalation
Explain what the kidneys excrete
Excess Water, Salts and Urea
The Kidney will Excrete Excess Water, Excess Salts and Urea by Producing Urine by Osmoregulation
Explain what the skin excretes
Excess Water and Salts
The Skin will Excrete Excess Water and Salts through the Sweat Glands on the Skin by Producing Sweat
What is Osmoregulation?
Controlling Water Content in the Body
What is the role of the kidney in excretion?
Renal Artery will Transport Oxygenated Blood to the Bowman’s Capsule under High Pressure.
Pressure is Further Increased in the Glomerulus Due to Thinner Tubes, Forcing Components Out of the Blood to be Filtered to Produce Glomerular Filtrate: Water, Salts, Glucose and Urea.
Protein Molecules are Too Large to Enter the Membrane of the Glomerulus so will Stay in the Blood.
The Glomerular Filtrate will Enter the Bowman Capsule and into the Tubules.
All Glucose is Immediately Reabsorbed at the Proximal Convoluted Tubule by Active Transport, Rest of the Filtrate will Continue through the Tubules.
Salts will Be Filtered by the Loop of Henle Depending on the Water Concentrations in the Body, the Remaining Filtrates will Continue through the Tubules.
Water is Reabsorbed into the Blood at the Collecting Duct Depending on the Levels of ADH Produced (Water Levels in the Body) .
The Collecting Duct will Collect the Excess Filtrates: Water, Salts and Urea and this will be Urine.
This is Transported through the Ureter to be Stored in the Gall Bladder and is Removed from the Body through the Urethra.
What is the role of the kidney In osmoregulation when the water levels are low?
Low Levels of Water in the Body, Hypothalamus Detects this
Hypothalamus Stimulates Pituitary Gland to Produce More ADH
More ADH causes the Membrane of the Collecting Duct (In Kidney) to become More Permeable, Allowing More Absorption of Water by Osmosis
More Water Reabsorbed into the Blood at Collecting Duct
Water Levels in the Body is Regulated, Urine Becomes more Concentrated
What is the role of the kidney in osmoregulation when the water levels are high?
High Levels of Water in the Body, Hypothalamus Detects this
Hypothalamus Stimulates Pituitary Gland to Produce Less ADH
Less ADH causes the Membrane of the Collecting Duct (In Kidney) to become Less Permeable, Allowing Less Absorption of Water by Osmosis
Less Water Reabsorbed into the Blood at Collecting Duct
Water Levels in the Body is Regulated, Urine Becomes more Dilute
What is the urinary system?
Designed to Remove Waste Products such as Excess Water, Salts and Urea from the Blood
Explain the structures involved in the urinary system
Renal artery: Carries oxygenated blood to the kidney
Kidney: two bean shaped organ that filters the blood
Ureter: Tube Leading from the Kidney to the Bladder
Bladder: Organ that Stores Urine (Excess Water, Salts and Urea) as it is Produced by the Kidney
Urethra: Tube that Connects the Bladder to the Exterior; Where Urine is Released
Renal Vein: nated Blood Away from the Kidney
Explain the urinary system
Renal Artery will Transport Oxygenated Blood to the Bowman’s Capsule under High Pressure
Blood Enters the Glomerulus and is Filtered to Produce Glomerular Filtrate: Glucose, Water, Salts and Urea
The Glomerular Filtrate will Enter the Bowman Capsule and into the Tubules
All Glucose is Immediately Reabsorbed at the Proximal Convoluted Tubule by Active Transport, Rest of the Filtrate will Continue through the Tubules
Salts will Be Filtered by the Loop of Henle Depending on the Water Concentrations in the Body, the Remaining Filtrates will Continue through the Tubules
Water is Reabsorbed into the Blood at the Collecting Duct Depending on the Levels of ADH Produced (Water Levels in the Body)
The Collecting Duct will Collect the Excess Filtrates: Water, Salts and Urea and this will be Urine
This is Transported through the Ureter to be Stored in the Gall Bladder and is Removed from the Body through the Urethra
Renal Vein will Carry Deoxygenated Blood Away from the Kidney
