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Biology 20 > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is excretion

A

The process of removing cellular waste. This helps to maintain pH and water balance in the body

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the kidney?

A

Removes waste such as urea, balanced blood pH and maintains water balance in the blood.

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3
Q

What does the alveoli do?

A

Exchanges gas in the lungs

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4
Q

What is the function of the mouth and nostrils?

A

Air enters the respiratory system.

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5
Q

What’s the function of the nasal cavity?

A

Provides moisture, allows gases to dissolve and diffuse, warms the air, filters and traps particles using hair and mucous.

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6
Q

What’s the function of the pharynx?

A

Passage for food and air. (Throat)

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7
Q

What’s the function of the epiglottis?

A

Flap covering trachea during swallowing

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8
Q

What’s the function of the larynx?

A

Voice box, contains 2 ligaments vocal cords, air passes, vibrates ligaments and produces sound

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9
Q

What’s the function of the trachea?

A

Windpipe, liked with cilia, mucus traps particles, cilia carries particles to the mouth

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10
Q

What’s the function of the bronchi?

A

2 branches of the trachea

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11
Q

What’s the function of the bronchioles?

A

Smaller branches and rings of muscles

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12
Q

What’s the function of alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs which the site of gas exchanges. Diffusing occurs with the concentration gradient (surfactant)

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13
Q

What’s the purpose of pleural membranes?

A

Membranes containing lubricant on the outer surface of lungs to reduce friction

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14
Q

What’s the purpose of the diaphragm?

A

Helps in inhalation and exhalation, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

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15
Q

What’s the function of intercostal muscles?

A

Muscles attached to the rib cage, helps with inhalation and exhalation.

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16
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath.

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17
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Addition volume of air that can be taken into the lungs.

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18
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Additional volume of air that can be forced out of lungs.

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19
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Total volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs.

20
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Amount of air that remains in the lungs.

21
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

A stable balance internal environment of the body that includes temperature, fluids, and wastes.

22
Q

What is a homeostatic mechanism?

A

Anything that helps to keep the internal environment stable.

23
Q

What does the skin do?

A

Maintains heat by producing sweat.

24
Q

What do the lungs do?

A

Helps remove CO2

25
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Removed toxic wastes.

26
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Converts toxins into soluble components. Destroys old RBC by converting hemoglobin into bile pigment.

27
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

Removed wastes such as urea, balances blood pH and maintains water balance in blood.

28
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Carries nutrients throughout blood and body.

30
Q

What does the liver produce?

A

It produces uric acid which is formed by the breakdown of nucleic acids. (DNA).

32
Q

What is deamination?

A

The removal of nitrogenous wastes from amino acids and produced urea

33
Q

Function of kidney?

A

Site of blood filtration urine production.

34
Q

Function of renal artery?

A

Brings oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

35
Q

Function of renal vein?

A

Brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

36
Q

Function of ureter?

A

Brings waste to bladder.

37
Q

Function of bladder?

A

Temporary urine storage.

38
Q

Function of urethra?

A

Brings waste from bladder, out of system.

39
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Where filtration occurs.

40
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Water absorption.

41
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Collects waste (urine) and joins kidneys to ureter.

42
Q

What are nephrons?

A

They are responsible for filtering blood and the formation of urine.

43
Q

Afferent arteriole?

A

Brings blood to glomerulus from renal artery.

44
Q

Efferent arteriole?

A

Leaves glomerulus, takes blood to the capillary net.

45
Q

Glomerulus?

A

Ball of capillaries - sure of pressure filtration.

46
Q

Step 1: filtration

A

Blood enters glomerulus, blood has high pressure, forced substances into the bowmans capsule, blood cells, proteins and platelets remain in blood.

47
Q

Step 2: reabsorption

A

Occurs in the proximal tubules, filtrate is absorbed back into the blood by osmosis,

48
Q

Step 3: secretion

A

Secretion occurs in the distal tube, excess molecules like nitrogen is transported to the nephron, remaining is now urine.

Biology 20 (2 decks)

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