Excitatory ionotropic mechanisms Flashcards
Current usually refers to the movement of what type of ions?
Positive ions.
State Ohm’s law.
V = IR.
Resistance = inverse of conductance. True or false?
True.
List the ratios of Na+, K+, Cl- and Ca2+ in the ECF compared with the ICF.
K+ concentration is higher in the ICF. Na+ concentration is higher in the ECF. Ca2+ concentration is higher in the ECF (incredibly low concentration in the ICF). Cl- more concentrated in the ECF.
Ion transporters are energy ___________.
dependent.
What do ion transporters do? Give an example of an ion transporter.
Ion transporters actively move ions against their concentration gradient, thereby creating concentration gradients. For example, the Na+/K+ ATPase.
How many subunits make up the Na+/K+ ATPase?
2.
How many amino acid chains make up the alpha subunit of Na+/K+ ATPase?
1.
Na+/K+ ATPase has multiple transmembrane spanning domains. True or false?
True.
Na+/K+ ATPase has ___________ and ___________ subdomains.
hydrophilic, hydrophobic.
Na+/K+ ATPase is an example of an ___ __________.
ion transporter.
Name the six types of small molecule neurotransmitters mentioned in your lecture.
- Acetylcholine
- Amino acids
- Purines
- Catecholamines
- Indoleamine
- Imidazoleamine
P-I-A-C-I-A
Name the small molecule amino acid neurotransmitters.
- glutamate (excitatory)
- GABA (inhibitory)
- glycine (inhibitory)
- aspartate (excitatory)
Name the small molecule imidazoleamine neurotransmitters.
histamine.
Name the small molecule catecholamine neurotransmitters.
- dopamine
- noradrenaline
- adrenaline
Name the small molecule indoleamine neurotransmitters.
serotonin.
Name the small molecule purine neurotransmitters.
ATP
Peptide neurotransmitters are a huge class that includes many different peptides that are used by neurons mostly to MODULATE activity. True or false?
True.
Fast synaptic transmission tends to occur via ____ _______ (_____-_______ ___ ________)(e.g. GABA and glutamate).
ionotropic receptors (ligand-gated ion channels)
Slower synaptic transmssion tends to occur via _________ __________ (_-_______-______ ________)(e.g. catecholamines and peptides).
metabotropic receptors (g-protein-coupled receptors)
Name the three classes of receptors mentioned in your lecture that bind to glutamate.
AMPA, NMDA, Kainate.
There are two types of ACh receptors. Name and distinguish the two based on their speed.
nACh - nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (FAST transmission, they are ionotropic receptors)
mACh - muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (SLOW transmission, they are metabotropic receptors)
Is acetylcholine’s post synaptic effect excitatory or inhibitory?
Excitatory.
The post-synaptic effect of the catecholamine neurotransmittors, as well as that of histamine, serotonin and ATP is _________.
excitatory.
Glutamate ionotropic receptors are ___-________ ______ _________.
non-selective cation channels.
The AMPA receptor is a _ ____________ ________ ________.
3 transmembrane spanning domain.
How is glutamate different from GABA?
Glutamate has an extra carboxyl group attached. To change glutamate into GABA, only decarboxylation must occur. They are very similar in structure!!!
Glutamate and GABA are very similar in terms of structure. How does a glutamate receptor distinguish between the two?
- each of the pleated sheets of the binding pocket of the receptor has specific amino acid groups associated with it
- the oxygen groups of glutamate’s carboxyl interact with amino acids R and T.
NEED TO COMPLETE THIS Q.
