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SA--Pharmaceutics > Excipients > Flashcards

Excipients Flashcards

1
Q

Acidifying agent

A
  1. ) Citric acid
  2. ) Acetic acid
  3. ) Fumaric acid

Used in liquid preparations to provide acidic medium for product stability

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2
Q

Adsorbent

A
  1. ) Powdered Cellulose
  2. ) Activated Charcoal

An agent capable of holding other molecules onto its surface by physical or chemical (chemisorption) means

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3
Q

Aerosol propellant

A
  1. ) Carbon dioxide
  2. ) Dichlorodifluoromethane
  3. ) Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

Agent responsible for developing the pressure within an aerosol container and expelling the product when the valve is opened

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4
Q

Air displacement

A

1.) Nitrogen
2.) Carbon dioxide
Agent employed to displace air in a hermetically sealed container to enhance product stability

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5
Q

Alkalinizing agent

A
  1. ) Ammonia solution
  2. ) Ammonium carbonate
  3. ) Diethanolamine

Used in liquid preparations to provide alkaline medium for product stability

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6
Q

Antifungal preservative

A
  1. ) Butylparabens
  2. ) Ethylparabens
  3. ) Methylparabens

Used in liquid and semisolid preparations to prevent growth of fungi. Effectiveness of parabens is usually enhanced by use in combination

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7
Q

Antimicrobial preservative

A

1.) Benzalkonium chloride

Used in liquid and semisolid preparations to prevent growth of microorganisms

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8
Q

Antioxidant

A
  1. ) Ascorbic acid
  2. ) Ascorbyl palmitate
  3. ) Butylated hydroxyanisole

Used to prevent deterioration of preparations by oxidation

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9
Q

Buffering agent

A
  1. ) Potassium metaphosphate
  2. ) Potassium phosphate (monobasic)
  3. ) Sodium acetate

Used to resist change in pH upon dilution or addition of acid or alkali

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10
Q

Chelating agent

A
  1. ) Edetic acid
  2. ) Edetate disodium

Substance that forms stable water- soluble complexes (chelates) with metals; used in some liquid pharmaceuticals as stabilizers to complex heavy metals that might promote instability. In such use, they are also called sequestering agents

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11
Q

Clarifying agent

A

1.) Bentonite

Used as a filtering aid for its adsorbent qualities

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12
Q

Colorant

A
  1. ) FD&C Red No. 3
  2. ) FD&C Red No. 20
  3. ) FD&C No. 6

Used to impart color to liquid and solid (e.g., tablets and capsules) preparations.

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13
Q

Emulsifying agent

A
  1. ) Acacia
  2. ) Cetomacrogol
  3. ) Cetyl Alcohol

Used to promote and maintain dispersion of finely subdivided particles of liquid in a vehicle in which it is immiscible. End product may be a liquid emulsion or semisolid emulsion (e.g., a cream)

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14
Q

Encapsulating agent

A

1.) Gelatin

Used to form thin shells to enclose a drug for ease of administration

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15
Q

Enteric coating

A
  1. ) Cellulose acetate phthalate

2. ) Shellac (35% in alcohol, pharm. glaze)

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16
Q

Film coating

A
  1. ) Hydroxyethyl cellulose
  2. ) Hydroxypropyl cellulose
  3. ) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
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17
Q

Flavorant

A
  1. ) Anise oil
  2. ) Cinnamon oil
  3. ) Cocoa

Used to impart a pleasant flavor and often odor to a preparation. In addition to the natural flavorants listed, many synthetic ones are used

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18
Q

Flavored, sweetened

A
  1. ) Acacia syrup
  2. ) Aromatic syrup
  3. ) Aromatic elixir
19
Q

Humectant

A
  1. ) Glycerin
  2. ) Propylene glycol
  3. ) Sorbitol

Used to prevent drying of preparations, particularly ointments and creams

20
Q

Levigating agent

A
  1. ) Mineral oil
  2. ) Glycerin
  3. ) Propylene glycol

Liquid used as an intervening agent to reduce the particle size of a powder by grinding, usually in a mortar

21
Q

Ointment base

A
  1. ) Lanolin
  2. ) Hydrophilic ointment
  3. ) Polyethylene glycol ointment

Semisolid vehicle for medicated ointments

22
Q

Oleaginous

A
  1. ) Corn oil
  2. ) Mineral oil
  3. ) Peanut oil
23
Q

Plasticizer

A
  1. ) Diethyl phthalate
  2. ) Glycerin

Component of film-coating solutions to make film more pliable, enhance spread of coat over tablets, beads, and granules

24
Q

Solvent

A
  1. ) Alcohol
  2. ) Corn oil
  3. ) Cottonseed oil

Used to dissolve another substance in preparation of a solution; may be aqueous or not (e.g., oleaginous). Cosolvents, such as water and alcohol (hydroalcoholic) and water and glycerin, may be used when needed. Sterile solvents are used in certain preparations (e.g., injections)

25
Q

Sterile

A

1.) Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection

26
Q

Stiffening agent

A
  1. ) Cetyl alcohol
  2. ) Cetyl Esters wax
  3. ) Microcrystalline wax

Used to increase thickness or hardness of a preparation, usually an ointment

27
Q

Sugar coating

A
  1. ) Liquid glucose

2. ) Sucrose

28
Q

Suppository base

A
  1. ) Cocoa butter
  2. ) Polyethylene glycols (mixtures)
  3. ) PEG 3350

Vehicle for suppositories

29
Q

Surfactant (surface active agent)

A
  1. ) Benzalkonium chloride
  2. ) Nonoxynol 10
  3. ) Octoxynol 9

Substances that absorb to surfaces or interfaces to reduce surface or interfacial tension. May be used as wetting agents, detergents, or emulsifying agents

30
Q

Suspending agent

A
  1. ) Agar
  2. ) Bentonite
  3. ) Carbomer (e.g. Carbopol)

Viscosity-increasing agent used to reduce sedimentation rate of particles in a vehicle in which they are not soluble; suspension may be formulated for oral, parenteral, ophthalmic, topical, or other route

31
Q

Sweetening agent

A
  1. ) Aspartame
  2. ) Dextrose
  3. ) Glycerin

Used to impart sweetness to a preparation

32
Q

Tablet and capsule diluent

A
  1. ) Dibasic calcium phosphate
  2. ) Kaolin
  3. ) Lactose

Inert filler to create desired bulk, flow properties, and compression characteristics of tablets and capsules

33
Q

Tablet antiadherents

A

1.) Magnesium stearate

Prevent tablet ingredients from sticking to punches and dies during production

34
Q

Tablet binders

A
  1. ) Acacia
  2. ) Alginic acid
  3. ) Carboxymethylcellulose sodium

Substances used to cause adhesion of powder particles in tablet granulations

35
Q

Tablet coating agent

A

Used to coat a tablet to protect against decomposition by atmospheric oxygen or humidity, to provide a desired release pattern, to mask taste or odor, or for aesthetic purposes. Coating may be sugar, film or thick covering around a tablet. Sugar-coated tablets generally start to break up in the stomach. Film forms a thin cover around a formed tablet or bead. Unless it is enteric, film dissolves in the stomach. Enteric coating passes through the stomach to break up in the intestines. Some water-insoluble coatings (e.g., ethylcellulose) are used to slow the release of drug in the gastrointestinal tract.

36
Q

Tablet direct compression excipient

A

1.) Dibasic calcium phosphate

Used in direct compression tablet formulations

37
Q

Tablet disintegrant

A
  1. ) Alginic acid
  2. ) Polacrilin potassium
  3. ) Sodium alginate

Used in solid forms to promote disruption of the mass into smaller particles more readily dispersed or dissolved

38
Q

Tablet glidant

A
  1. ) Colloidal silica
  2. ) Cornstarch
  3. ) Talc

Used in tablet and capsule formulations to improve flow properties of the powder mixture

39
Q

Tablet lubicrant

A
  1. ) Calcium stearate
  2. ) Magnesium stearate
  3. ) Mineral oil

Used in tablet formulations to reduce friction during tablet compression

40
Q

Tablet or Capsule opaquant

A

1.) Titanium dioxide

Used to render a coating opaque. May be used alone or with a colorant

41
Q

Tablet polishing agent

A
  1. ) Carnauba wax
  2. ) White wax

Used to impart an attractive sheen to coated tablets

42
Q

Tonicity agent

A

1.) Sodium chloride

Used to render solution similar in osmotic-dextrose characteristics to physiologic fluids, e.g., in ophthalmic, parenteral, and irrigation fluids

43
Q

Vehicle

A

Carrying agent used in formulating a variety of liquids for oral and parenteral administration.
Generally, oral liquids are aqueous (e.g., syrups) or hydroalcoholic (e.g., elixirs). Solutions for intravenous use are aqueous, whereas intramuscular injections may be aqueous or oleaginous

44
Q

Viscosity-increasing agent

A
  1. ) Alginic acid
  2. ) Bentonite
  3. ) Carbomer

Used to render preparations more resistant to flow. Used in suspensions to deter sedimentation, in ophthalmic solutions to enhance contact time (e.g., methylcellulose), to thicken topical creams, etc.

SA--Pharmaceutics (1 decks)

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